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Definition 2025
造
造
Translingual
Han character
造 (radical 162 辵+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 1258, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
- Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3841, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9020
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
造 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 造 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 慥 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 艁 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 糙 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 告 | *kuːɡs |
| 誥 | *kuːɡs |
| 郜 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 祰 | *kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ |
| 靠 | *kʰuːɡs |
| 浩 | *ɡuːʔ, *kuːb |
| 晧 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 皓 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 窖 | *kruːɡs |
| 簉 | *skʰruɡs |
| 梏 | *kruːɡ, *kuːɡ |
| 硞 | *kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ |
| 牿 | *kuːɡ |
| 鵠 | *kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ |
| 酷 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 焅 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 嚳 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 頶 | *ɡuːɡ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Wade-Giles: tsao4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zou6
- Yale: jouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzou6
- IPA (key): /t͡sou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
- Hakka Romanization System: co
- Hagfa Pinyim: co4
- IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: tsǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
- Tâi-lô: tsō
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɤ²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɤ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
- Tâi-lô: tsǒ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɤ²²/
- Note: chǒ͘/chō - literary, chǒ - vernacular.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 造 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sɑu⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡sau⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sɑu⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡sɔ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sɔ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡sau³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sɔ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡sɔ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡sɔ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sɔ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰau³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu |
/t͡sʰau¹³/ /t͡sau¹³/ |
|
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰao²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sɔo⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei |
/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ /t͡sɔ⁵³/ |
|
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰau⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sɔ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zɔ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zæ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zɔ¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zɜ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɔ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰə²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha |
/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ 建~ /t͡sau¹¹/ ~孽 |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰaɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɑu²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰau⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sou²²/ |
| Nanning | /t͡su²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sou²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰo²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sau⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sau³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /tau³³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 造 | 造 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 昨早切 | 七到切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰɑuH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰɑuH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰɑuH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zawX/ | /t͡sʰawH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰɑuH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰɑuH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱɑuX/ | /t͡sʰɑuH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zào | cào |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 造 | 造 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zào | zào |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzawX › | ‹ tshawH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[dzˤ]uʔ/ | /*(mə-)tsʰˤuʔ-s/ |
| English | make | go to |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 造 | 造 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3799 | 3803 |
| Phonetic component |
告 | 告 |
| Rime group |
奧 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
操 | 皁 |
| Old Chinese |
/*skʰuːɡs/ | /*sɡuːʔ/ |
Verb
造
- to make, to build
- John 1.3
- 万物是借着他造的。凡被造的,没有一样不是借着他造的。
- Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de. Fán beì zào de, méiyǒu yīyàng búshì jièzhe tā zào de.
- All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
- John 1.3
- to create; to make
- to manufacture; to make; to produce
- to make up; to invent; to manufacture
- to build
- to arrive at; to reach
- (law) a party concerned in the suit
- an era; a period
- to institute
- (Mandarin) Eye dialect spelling of 知道 (zhīdào).
Compounds
Derived terms from 造
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Japanese
Kanji
造
Readings
- Goon: ぞう (zō), そう (sō)
- Kan’on: そう (sō)
- Kan’yōon: ぞう (zō)
- Kun: つく (tsuku), いたる (itaru), なる (naru), みやつこ (miyatsuko)
- Nanori: いたる (itaru), なり (nari), なる (naru), はじめ (hajime), みやつこ (miyatsuko)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
造 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune-Reischauer cho, Yale co)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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