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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Han character

(radical 167 +10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 金火月金 (CFBC), four-corner 89186, composition𧴪)

  1. lock, padlock
  2. shackles, chains

References

  • KangXi: page 1317, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40708
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1817, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4240, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9396

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/suɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/suɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/suɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/swaX/
Li
Rong
/suɑX/
Wang
Li
/suɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/suɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
suǒ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
suǒ
Middle
Chinese
‹ swaX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ˤojʔ/
English chain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12205
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*soːlʔ/

Definitions

  1. to lock
    /    suǒmén   to lock the doors
  2. a lock; a padlock

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
くさり
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem form) of verb 鏈る (kusaru, to be linked together, to link together).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana くさり, romaji kusari)

  1. a chain
Derived terms
Related terms
  •  (くさ) (kusaru): to be linked together, to link together

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
とざし
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem form) of verb 鎖す (tozasu, to shut and lock a door or gate).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana とざし, romaji tozashi)

  1. the closing and locking of a door or gate
  2. a door or gate so closed and locked
  3. a bar or other device used to lock a door or gate
Related terms
  • 鎖す, 閉ざす (とざす, tozasu): to close and lock a door or gate

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
つがり
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem form) of verb 連る (tsugaru, to continue, to lead onto the next, to be connected; to connect or link together).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 鎖り, , 連り, 繋り, 綴り, 縋り

Noun

(hiragana つがり, romaji tsugari)

  1. a connection, linkage, or continuation
  2. (rare) a chain
  3. a string of items tied together
  4. the part of the opening of a drawstring bag through which the string is passed
Related terms
  • 鎖る, 連る, 繋る, 綴る, 縋る (tsugaru): to continue, to lead onto the next, to be connected; to connect or link together

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese or (*swaX). Compare modern simplified Mandarin (suǒ, lock, padlock; shackles, chains).

Only used in compounds in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Affix

(hiragana , romaji sa)

  1. a chain, linkage, or continuation
  2. a lock or barrier
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
じょう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Alteration from sau, itself an alternate reading of sa above, possibly influenced by an early variety of Mandarin reading suǒ or Cantonese reading so².[1] The shift from sau to jau (modern ) was probably the influence of the reading of synonymous character ().

/sa//sau//d͡ʑau//d͡ʑoː/

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana じょう, romaji , historical hiragana ぢやう)

  1. (pitch 0) a metal bar used to lock shut a gate, door, chest, or other opening
  2. (pitch 0) a key used to lock or unlock such an opening
  3. (pitch 1) a pill or tablet
Usage notes

The senses have different pitch accents. A low starting pitch is used for the lock or key meanings, while a high starting pitch is used for the pill or tablet meanings.

The alternate spelling was originally an ateji, but in reference to openings, the meaning was limited to key, while the lock sense was spelled . In modern Japanese, these characters are largely interchangeable for both lock and key senses. However, the more common term for key is (kagi).

The pill sense is more commonly spelled .

Counter

(hiragana じょう, romaji -jō, historical hiragana ぢやう)

  1. counter for pills or tablets
    この (くすり)一回 (いっかい) (さん) (じょう)とのことです。
    Kono kusuri wa ikkai ni san to no koto desu.
    The instructions are to take three pills of this medicine for each dose.
Usage notes

More commonly spelled .

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

(swae) (hangeul , revised swae, McCune-Reischauer swae, Yale sway)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(toả, khoá, soã, tuả, xoã)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.