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Definition 2024

降

降

Translingual

Alternative forms

Two Unicode z-code variants, at code points U+964D (main) and U+FA09 (alt).

Han character

降 (radical 170 阜+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓中竹水手 (NLHEQ), four-corner 77254, composition ⿰阝夅)

Derived terms

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 降

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
贛 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷 *kʰluːms
戇 *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳 *kruːŋs
栙 *ɡruːŋ
夅 *ɡruːŋ
跭 *ɡruːŋ
隆 *ɡ·ruːŋ
癃 *ɡ·ruːŋ
窿 *ɡ·ruːŋ
霳 *ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ) : semantic 阝 ‎(“hill, wall”) + phonetic 夅 ‎(OC *ɡruːŋ, “descend”) – descending a hill.

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 降
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古巷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠʌŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚɔŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɔŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨwŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kɔŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kɔŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɔŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 降
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæwngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤruŋ-s/ (? < *-[u]m-s)
English descend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 降
Reading # 1/2
No. 6279
Phonetic
component		 夅
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 絳
Old
Chinese		 /*kruːŋs/

Definitions

降

  1. to fall; to drop; to descend; to come down
    降落  ―  jiàngluò  ―  to fall; to land
  2. (honorific) to visit; to honour with one's presence
  3. to bestow; to confer
  4. to reduce; to decrease; to lower
  5. to be born
  6. (Hakka) to give birth
  7. A surname​.

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 降
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下江切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠʌŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚɔŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɔŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɔŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɔŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɔŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiáng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 降
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiáng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hæwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-kˤru[ŋ]/ (? < *-[u]m)
English submit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 降
Reading # 2/2
No. 6281
Phonetic
component		 夅
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 栙
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡruːŋ/

Definitions

降

  1. to surrender; to capitulate; to give in
    投降  ―  tóuxiáng  ―  to surrender
  2. to subdue; to vanquish

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

降

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. descend
  2. precipitate
  3. fall
  4. surrender

Readings

Derived terms

Korean

Etymology 1

Middle Chinese *kɣʌŋH.

Hanja

降 • ‎(gang)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 강 (revised: gang, McCune-Reischauer: kang, Yale: kang)
  1. descent; descending
Derived terms
  • 강단하다 (降壇하다, gangdanhada, “step down from a platform”)

Etymology 2

Middle Chinese *ɦɣʌŋ.

Hanja

降 • ‎(hang)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 항 (revised: hang, McCune-Reischauer: hang)
  • Name (hangeul): 항복할 항()
  1. surrender
Derived terms
  • 항복

Vietnamese

Han character

降 (hàng, giáng, giuống, nháng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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