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Definition 2025
鹹
鹹
Translingual
Han character
鹹 (radical 197 鹵+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 23650, composition ⿰鹵咸)
Descendants
- 咸 – simplified to an existing character.
See also
References
- KangXi: page 1507, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
- Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4610, character 19
- Unihan data for U+9E79
Chinese
| trad. | 鹹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 咸 | |
| alt. forms | 醎 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 感 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
| 轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
| 撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 憾 | *ɡɯːms |
| 喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 緘 | *krɯːm |
| 瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
| 黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
| 麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
| 箴 | *kjɯm |
| 葴 | *kjɯm |
| 鱵 | *kjum |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): haam4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàm
- Min Dong (BUC): gèng / hàng
- Min Nan (POJ): kiâm
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhe (T3); hhi (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: hsien2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: haam4
- Yale: hàahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: haam4
- IPA (key): /hɑːm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
- Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ham2
- IPA: /ham¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gèng / hàng
- IPA (key): /kɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/
- Note: gèng - vernacular; hàng - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâm
- Tâi-lô: kiâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiaam
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiam²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiam²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhe (T3); hhi (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦᴇ²³/, /ɦi²³/
- Note: 3hhe - vernacular; 3hhi - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 鹹 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an |
/ɕiã²⁴/ ~陽 /xã²⁴/ ~菜 |
|
| Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou |
/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ /xɛ̃n⁵³/ |
|
| Ürümqi |
/ɕian⁵¹/ /xan⁵¹/ |
|
| Wuhan | /ɕiɛn²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /xan³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ~阳 /xɑŋ¹³/ ~菜 |
|
| Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦa³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian |
/ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ ~鹽 |
| Tunxi | /xɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan¹³/ ~魚 |
| Xiangtan | /ɦan¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /han²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ham¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /hɑm¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ham²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ham²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ham²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/ham³⁵/ /kiam³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kɛiŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /aŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/ham⁵⁵/ /kiam⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ham³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡讒切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦˠɛm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦᵚæm/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɐm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦəɨm/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɐm/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɐm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xián |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xián |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hɛm › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˤr[o]m/ |
| English | salty |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13516 |
| Phonetic component |
咸 |
| Rime group |
侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
咸 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡrɯːm/ |
| Notes | 鹹轉註字 |
Definitions
鹹
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
鹹
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
鹹 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune-Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
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Vietnamese
Han character
鹹 (hàm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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