Definify.com
Definition 2025
減
減
See also: 减
Translingual
Han character
減 (radical 85 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹口 (EIHR), four-corner 33150)
References
- KangXi: page 633, character 42
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17759
- Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1671, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6E1B
Chinese
| trad. | 減 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 减 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 感 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
| 轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
| 撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 憾 | *ɡɯːms |
| 喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 緘 | *krɯːm |
| 瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
| 黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
| 麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
| 箴 | *kjɯm |
| 葴 | *kjɯm |
| 鱵 | *kjum |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Wade-Giles: chien3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gaam2
- Yale: gáam
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaam2
- IPA (key): /kɑːm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám
- Hakka Romanization System: gam`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam3
- IPA: /kam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám
- Tâi-lô: kiám
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiarm
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiam⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 減 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕian²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕian²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕian¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕiã⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕiã⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕian⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang |
/t͡ɕian⁴²/ /kan⁴²/ |
|
| Kunming | /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕien²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕiĩ²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕie⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕie⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ke⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ke̞⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiẽ̞⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ka³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian |
/t͡ɕie³⁵/ /kɛ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /kɔ³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kan⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /kan⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kan²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kam³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kɑm³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kam³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /kam³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kam³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kam⁵³/ /kiam⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kɛiŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kaŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kiam⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /kiam²¹³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 減 | 減 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 下斬切 | 古斬切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦˠɛmX/ | /kˠɛmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦᵚæmX/ | /kᵚæmX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɐmX/ | /kɐmX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦəɨmX/ | /kəɨmX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɐmX/ | /kɐmX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɐmX/ | /kɐmX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣămX/ | /kămX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiàn | jiǎn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 減 | 減 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiǎn | jiǎn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hɛmX › | ‹ kɛmX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/ | /*kˤr[ə]mʔ/ |
| English | abridge | reduce |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 減 | 減 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13509 | 13521 |
| Phonetic component |
咸 | 咸 |
| Rime group |
侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
鹼 | 豏 |
| Old Chinese |
/*krɯːmʔ/ | /*ɡrɯːmʔ/ |
Verb
減
- to subtract
Antonyms
- 加 (jiā, “to add”)
Derived terms
- 減肥/减肥 (jiǎnféi, “to lose weight”)
- 减半
- 减产 (jiǎnchǎn)
- 减充血剂 (jiǎn chōng xiě jì)
- 减除
- 减低
- 减额
- 减法
- 减号
- 减河
- 减缓
- 减价 (jiǎnjià)
- 减慢
- 减免
- 减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
- 减却
- 减弱 (jiǎnruò)
- 减色
- 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
- 减数
- 减数分裂
- 减税
- 减速 (jiǎnsù)
- 减速剂
- 减速运动
- 减损
- 减缩
- 减退
- 减薪
- 减刑
- 减半
- 减压
- 减员
- 减震器
Japanese
Kanji
減
Readings
- Goon: けん (ken) (non-Jōyō reading), げん (gen)
- Kan’on: かん (kan) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: へる (heru), へらす (herasu)
Suffix
Korean
Hanja
減 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
減 (giảm, dởm, xảm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.