Definify.com
Definition 2024
主義
主義
See also: 主义
Chinese
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
|
justice; righteousness; meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (主義) | 主 | 義 | |
| simp. (主义) | 主 | 义 | |
Noun
主義
See also
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
Derived terms
Derived terms from 主義
|
|
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 主 | 義 |
|
しゅ Grade: 3 |
ぎ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 主義 (tsyuX ngjeH, “principle, set belief”). The word was already in use in Chinese with this meaning in the 史記 (Shǐjì, “Records of the Grand Historian”), completed around 100 BCE.
Pronunciation
Noun
主義 (hiragana しゅぎ, romaji shugi)
- a principle or set of principles; a doctrine; an ism
- あの人は主義に基づいて契約を拒絶するはずです。
- Ano hito wa shugi ni motozuite keiyaku o kyozetsu suru hazu desu.
- I expect they will reject the contract on principle.
- あの人は主義に基づいて契約を拒絶するはずです。
Suffix
主義 (hiragana しゅぎ, romaji -shugi)
Derived terms
- 共産主義 (kyōsan shugi, “communism”)
- 超現実主義 (chōgenjitsu shugi, “surrealism”)
Descendants
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, ISBN 4095102535.
Etymology
Reborrowing from Japanese 主義 (shugi).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu2 ji6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chú-ngi
- Min Dong (BUC): ciō-ngiê
- Min Nan (POJ): chú-gī
- Wu (Wiktionary): tsr nyi (T2)
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zyu2 ji6
- Yale: jyú yih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzy2 ji6
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕyː³⁵ jiː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú-ngi
- Hakka Romanization System: zu` ngi
- Hagfa Pinyim: zu3 ngi4
- IPA: /t͡su³¹ ɲi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciō-ngiê
- IPA (key): /t͡suo³³⁻⁵⁵ ŋiɛ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chú-gī
- Tâi-lô: tsú-gī
- Phofsit Daibuun: zw'gi
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ gi²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ gi⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ gi²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ gi³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ gi³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tsr nyi (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡sz̩³³ ȵi⁴⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 主 | 義 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | Chongniu III |
| Fanqie | 之庾切 | 宜寄切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨoX/ | /ŋˠiᴇH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕioX/ | /ŋᵚiɛH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕioX/ | /ŋiɛH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cuə̆X/ | /ŋjiə̆H/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕioX/ | /ŋjeH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭuX/ | /ŋǐeH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯uX/ | /ŋie̯H/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhǔ | yì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 主 | 義 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhǔ | yì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyuX › | ‹ ngjeH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*toʔ/ | /*ŋ(r)aj-s/ |
| English | master; host | duty; justice |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 主 | 義 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17618 | 13045 |
| Phonetic component |
主 | 我 |
| Rime group |
侯 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
主 | 議 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tjoʔ/ | /*ŋrals/ |