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Definition 2024

既

既

See also: 旣

Translingual

Han character

既 (radical 71 无+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日戈一女山 (AIMVU), four-corner 71714)

References

  • KangXi: page 485, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 848, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1148, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+65E2

Chinese

trad. 既/旣
simp. 既

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (旡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
溉 *kɯːds, *kɯds
槩 *kɯːds
概 *kɯːds
摡 *kɯːds, *qʰɯds
慨 *kʰɯːds
嘅 *kʰɯːds
穊 *krɯds
暨 *ɡrɯds, *kɯds, *krɯd
鱀 *ɡrɯds, *ɡɯs
塈 *ɡrɯds, *qʰɯds
既 *kɯds
旡 *kɯds
蔇 *kɯds
炁 *kʰɯds
櫭 *ɡrad
曁 *kɯd

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 皀 ‎(“bowl of rice”) + 旡 ‎(“kneeling figure”) – person kneeling at bowl of rice – sitting down to eat (rice already finished cooking), or turning away (already finished eating).

Note the stroke order in the right component 旡, which may not be clear in the compressed form of this character: the left vertical and second horizontal are one stroke with a corner, while the upper right vertical continues in a diagonal stroke to lower left.

Pronunciation

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 既
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ə[t]-s/
English complete (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 既
Reading # 1/1
No. 5821
Phonetic
component		 旡
Rime
group		 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 旣
Old
Chinese		 /*kɯds/

Definitions

既

  1. already
  2. de facto
  3. since
    耶和華神對蛇說：「你既做了這事，就必受咒詛，比一切的牲畜野獸更甚！你必用肚子行走，終身吃土。」 [MSC, trad.]
    耶和华神对蛇说：“你既做了这事，就必受咒诅，比一切的牲畜野兽更甚！你必用肚子行走，终身吃土。” [MSC, simp.]
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:14
    Yēhéhuá Shén duì shé shuō: "Nǐ jì zuò le zhè shì, jiù bì shòu zhòuzǔ, bǐ yīqiè de shēngchù yěshòu gèngshèn! Nǐ bì yòng dùzi xíngzǒu, zhōngshēn chī tǔ." [Pinyin]
    And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life
  4. then

Japanese

Kanji

既

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

既 • ‎(gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune-Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

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Vietnamese

Han character

既 (dĩ, kí, ký)

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