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Definition 2024
神
神
Translingual
Han character
神 (radical 113 示+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 842, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
- Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2392, character 1
- Unihan data for U+795E
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
神 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 電 | *l'iːns |
| 胂 | *l̥ʰin, *hlin |
| 申 | *hlin |
| 伸 | *hlin |
| 呻 | *hlin |
| 紳 | *hlin |
| 眒 | *hlin, *hlins |
| 柛 | *hlin |
| 訷 | *hlin |
| 抻 | *hlins |
| 神 | *hlin |
| 朄 | *lins |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlin) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “praying man”) – praying before an altar.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): san4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
- Min Dong (BUC): sìng
- Min Nan (POJ): sîn
- Wu (Wiktionary): zen (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
- Wade-Giles: shên2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenr
- IPA (key): /ʂən³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: san4
- Yale: sàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: san4
- IPA (key): /sɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin2
- IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
- IPA (key): /siŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn
- Tâi-lô: sîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: siin
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕin²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕin²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕin²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕin²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zen (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻əɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 神 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂən³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂən²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin |
/ʂən⁴⁵/ /sən⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʂẽ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂən⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂẽ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂə̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂən²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂən⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂəŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕian⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Nanning | /sɐn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /sin³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /siŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /seiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /tin³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 神 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食鄰切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʑin/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shén |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 神 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shén |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zyin › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.li[n]/ |
| English | spirit |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 神 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11245 |
| Phonetic component |
申 |
| Rime group |
眞 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
神 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hlin/ |
Definitions
神
- god; deity; spirit
- spirit; soul; mind
- expression; countenance; appearance
- supernatural; magic; psychic
- A surname. Shen
Compounds
Derived terms from 神
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
神
Readings
- Goon: じん (jin)
- Kan’on: しん (shin)
- Kun: かみ (kami), かむ (kamu), かむい (kamui), かむ-ぶ (神ぶ, kamu-bu), かん-ぶ (神ぶ, kan-bu), こう (kou), かん (kan), み (mi)
- Nanori: か (ka), かぐ (kagu), かな (kana), かも (kamo), きよ (kiyo), くま (kuma), こ (ko), こは (koha), しの (shino), だま (dama), たる (taru), み (mi), みわ (miwa)
Compounds
Compounds
|
|
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
|
かみ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
/kami2/ *[kamɨ] → /kami/ [kami]]
From Old Japanese. Not related to 上 (/kami1/, “up”) or 髪 (/kami1/, “hair”). Often appears in compounds as /kamu/ (modern /kaɴ/), indicating that /kami/ is a bound or fused form deriving from */kamu.i/. Note that this final i may be the Old Japanese emphatic nominative particle い (i), likely cognate with Korean nominative particle 이 (i). Such fusion has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, “eye”, from ma + i) or 酒 (sake, “saké, liquor”, from saka + i).
Compare Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”), also present in compounds like カムイモシㇼ (kamuy mosir, “land of the gods”).
Pronunciation
Noun
- a god
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 85)
- Cami. カミ (神) 日本のゼンチヨ (gentios 異教徒)が尊崇する神(Cami).
- 2004 April 7, Tsugumi Ohba; Takeshi Obata, “退屈 [Boredom]”, in デスノート [Death Note], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shueisha, ISBN 4-08-873621-4, page 48-49:
- そして僕は新世界の神となる
- Soshite boku wa shinsekai no kami tonaru
- And then I will become the god of this new world
- そして僕は新世界の神となる
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 85)
- a spirit (compare 精霊 spirit)
- thunder (compare 雷 thunder)
Proper noun
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
|
み Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 御 (mi, honorific prefix, originally used to refer to gods and other high-status things).
Pronunciation
Noun
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3