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Definition 2024
狼
狼
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See also: 狠
Translingual
Han character
狼 (radical 94 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 43232, composition ⿰犭良)
References
- KangXi: page 712, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
- Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1350, character 7
- Unihan data for U+72FC
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
狼 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 狼
| |
|---|---|
| Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
- Wade-Giles: lang2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
- IPA (key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: long4
- Yale: lòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: long4
- IPA (key): /lɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
- Tâi-lô: lông
- Phofsit Daibuun: loong
- IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯當切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/lɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/laŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/lɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/lɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/lɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
láng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
láng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˤaŋ/ |
| English | wolf |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8019 |
| Phonetic component |
良 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
郎 |
| Old Chinese |
/*raːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文作𤜪 |
Definitions
狼
Compounds
Derived terms from 狼
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Japanese
Kanji
狼
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
|
On'yomi:
Kun'yomi:
Irregular: |
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 狼 |
|
おおかみ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
/opokami/ → /oɸokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, modern ō, “great”) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
狼 (counter 匹, hiragana おおかみ, katakana オオカミ, romaji ōkami, historical hiragana おほかみ)
- wolf; Canis lupus
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- 狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 7, page 56:
- 犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 18, page 17: (Shinpukuji manuscript)
- 犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也
- c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
- 狼（オホカミ）
- 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
- 狼（ヲヽカミ）
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
Etymology 2
Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Noun
狼 (hiragana おおかめ, romaji ōkame, historical hiragana おほかめ)
- wolf; Canis lupus
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
- Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)
- Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
- 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75
- Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
References
- 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-080021-1, published 1980.
- Kamei, Takashi (1944) Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 978-4-653-00507-0, published 1968.
- Tadakane, Tachibana; Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, ISBN 978-4-490-30010-9.
Vietnamese
Han character
Compounds
- 𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang)
Usage notes
- Chữ Nôm.
- This character is not used on its own in chữ Nôm. The definition "wolf" is purely morphemic.