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Webster 1913 Edition
Ik
Ik
,p
ron.
[See
I
.] I.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
☞ The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern.
Definition 2024
ik
ik
English
- Wiktionary does not have any English dictionary entry for this term. This is most likely because this term does not meet our criteria for inclusion yet.
- Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.
- You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.
- If this term meets our criteria for inclusion, please create an entry for it or request that it be created.
Angguruk Yali
Noun
ik
References
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Dutch
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɪk
- IPA(key): /ɪk/ (stressed), IPA(key): /ək/ (unstressed)
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]
Pronoun
ik
- First-person singular, subjective: I.
Inflection
Dutch personal pronouns
| subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
| 1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner |
| 2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer |
| 2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer |
| 3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner |
| 3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer |
| 3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner |
| plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer |
| 2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
| 2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer |
| 3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner |
| 1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5)Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
||||||||
References
- ↑ Friedrich Kluge, “Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache” , 22. Auflage, 1989, bearbeitet von Elmar Seebold, ISBN 3-11-006800-1
German Low German
Alternative forms
- 'k, 'ck (enclitic)
- ick
- (Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area) ek, eck
- (Low Prussian) öck, eck
Etymology
From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/, /ek/
Pronoun
ik
- (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
- I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)
- 2012, Wilma Schlüter, Ik küer Platt: de Johrestieten int Münsterland (ISBN 3000392629)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
Related terms
- mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi (“we”, plural)
See also
- (Plautdietsch) ekj, etj
Middle English
Alternative forms
Pronoun
ik
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) I.
- circa 1300, Homilies:
- Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
- circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
- Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
- circa 1390, Chaucer:
- But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
- circa 1300, Homilies:
Descendants
- Scots: ik
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
Etymology
From Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik.
Pronoun
ik
- I (personal pronoun, first person, singular, nominative)
Declension
Middle Low German personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
| 2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
| 3rd person singular | |||||
| m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
| n | it (et) | ||||
| f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
| 1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
| 2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
| 3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
|
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. | |||||
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Saxon ik, Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
Descendants
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
Declension
Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
Descendants
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
Declension
Old Saxon personal pronouns
| Personal pronouns | |||||
| Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
| Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
| Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
| Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
| Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
| Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
| Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
| Dative | |||||
| Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
| Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
| Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
| Dative | ūs | im | |||
| Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro | ||
Descendants
- German Low German: ik
Pass Valley Yali
Noun
ik
References
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Pwaamei
Noun
ik
References
- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English ik, from Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”, pronoun).
Pronoun
ik
- (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.
- Wha did that? Ik! ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- circa 1375, John Barbour, The Bruce:
- For Ik am he, I say the soithly, [...]
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare North Frisian ick, Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
Pronoun
ik