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Definition 2024


U+4E09, 三
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E09

[U+4E08]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E0A]
See also: Ξ, , , , , and

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 1 +2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一一一 (MMM), four-corner 10101, composition一一)

  1. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №4

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 76, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12
  • Dae Jaweon: page 138, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 4, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E09

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alt. forms financial

𢦘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*suːm, *suːms
*suːm

Ideogram (指事) - three parallel lines. Compare with , one line meaning “one”, , two lines meaning “two”, and , four lines meaning “four”.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (16)
Final () (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑm/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑm/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sam/
Li
Rong
/sɑm/
Wang
Li
/sɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sān
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sān
Middle
Chinese
‹ sam ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 10963
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*suːm/

Definitions

  1. three
  2. A surname.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Others:

  • Proto-Tai: *sa:mᴬ (three)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (16)
Final () (143)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/samH/
Li
Rong
/sɑmH/
Wang
Li
/sɑmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sān
Middle
Chinese
‹ samH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three times

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 10965
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*suːms/

Definitions

  1. repeatedly; thrice
       sān   to think carefully

Compounds

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Cardinal

亿
Financial




亿
Playing cards in Chinese · 撲克牌扑克牌 (pūkèpái) (layout · text)
A
J Q K 小王 (black), 大王 (red)

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Alternative forms

  • (Japanese financial/formal form): 参

Readings

Compounds

  • 三景 (さんけい) (sankei)
  • 三桁 (さんけた) (sanketa)
  • 三月 (さんがつ) (sangatsu)
  • 三権 (さんけん) (sanken)
  • 三原色 (さんげんしょく) (sangenshoku)
  • 三股 (みまた) (mimata)
  • 三更 (さんこう) (sankō)
  • 三校 (さんこう) (sankō)
  • 三国 (さんこく) (sankoku)
  • 三佐 (さんさ) (sansa)
  • 三才 (さんさい) (sansai)
  • 三災 (さんさい) (sansai)
  • 三士 (さんし) (sanshi)
  • 三思 (さんし) (sanshi)
  • 三指鴎 (みつゆびかもめ) (mitsuyubi kamome)
  • 三死 (さんし) (sanshi)
  • 三時 (さんじ) (sanji)
  • 三次 (さんじ) (sanji)
  • 三軸 (さんじく) (sanjiku)
  • 三七日 (みなぬか) (minanuka)
  • 三者 (さんしゃ) (sansha)
  • 三尺 (さんじゃく) (sanjaku)
  • 三手楓 (みつでかえで) (mitsudekaede)
  • 三秋 (さんしゅう) (sanshū)
  • 三重 (さんじゅう) (sanjū)
  • 三春 (みはる) (miharu)
  • 三助 (さんすけ) (sansuke)
  • 三女 (さんじょ) (sanjo)
  • 三唱 (さんしょう) (sanshō)
  • 三省 (みつよし) (mitsuyoshi)
  • 三賞 (さんしょう) (sanshō)
  • 三乗 (さんじょう) (sanjō)
  • 三畳紀 (さんじょうおさむ) (sanjō osamu)
  • 三色 (さんしょく) (sanshoku)
  • 三食 (さんしょく) (sanshoku)
  • 三伸 (さんしん) (sanshin)
  • 三振 (さんしん) (sanshin)
  • 三親等 (さんしんとう) (sanshintō)
  • 三人 (さんにん) (sannin)
  • 三寸 (さんすん) (sansun)
  • 三世 (さんせい) (sansei)
  • 三仙叉 (さんせんさ) (sansensa)
  • 三選 (さんせん) (sansen)
  • 三曹 (さんそう) (sansō)
  • 三相 (さんそう) (sansō)
  • 三蔵 (さんぞう) (sanzō)
  • 三尊仏 (さんぞんぶつ) (sanzonbutsu)
  • 三体 (さんたい) (santai)
  • 三代 (さんだい) (sandai)
  • 三大国 (さんだいこく) (sandaikoku)
  • 三大節 (さんだいふし) (sandaifushi)
  • 三大都市 (さんだいとし) (sandaitoshi)
  • 三知土 (みちど) (michido)
  • 三直 (みのう) (minō)
  • 三度 (さんど) (sando)
  • 三冬 (さんふゆ) (sanfuyu)
  • 三等 (さんとう) (santō)
  • 三頭筋 (さんとうすじ) (santōsuji)
  • 三頭政治 (さんとうせいじ) (santōseiji)
  • 三徳 (さんとく) (santoku)
  • 三日 (みっか) (mikka)
  • 三拝 (さんぱい) (sanpai)
  • 三杯酢 (さんばいず) (sanbaizu)
  • 三斑鶉 (さんむらうずら) (sanmurauzura)
  • 三板 (さんぱん) (sanpan)
  • 三番 (さんばん) (sanban)
  • 三筆 (さんぴつ) (sanpitsu)
  • 三府 (さんぷ) (sanpu)
  • 三部 (さんぶ) (sanbu)
  • 三封 (さんふう) (sanfū)
  • 三分 (さんふん) (sanfun)
  • 三鞭酒 (しゃんぺにゅう) (shanpenyū)
  • 三宝 (さんぽう) (sanpō)
  • 三方 (さんぽう) (sanpō)
  • 三昧 (さんまい) (sanmai)
  • 三枚 (さんまい) (sanmai)
  • 三幕物 (さんまくぶつ) (sanmakubutsu)
  • 三味線 (しゃみせん) (shamisen)
  • 三民主義 (さんみんしゅぎ) (sanminshugi)
  • 三眠蚕 (さんみんさん) (sanminsan)
  • 三面 (さんめん) (sanmen)
  • 三毛 (さんもう) (sanmō)
  • 三門 (さんもん) (sanmon)
  • 三役 (さにゃく) (sanyaku)
  • 三葉虫 (さにょうちゅう) (sanyōchū)
  • 三流 (さんりゅう) (sanryū)
  • 三稜鏡 (さんりょうきょう) (sanryōkyō)
  • 三輪車 (さんりんしゃ) (sanrinsha)
  • 三塁 (さんるい) (sanrui)
  • 三連 (さんれん) (sanren)
  • 三論 (さんろん) (sanron)
  • 三和音 (さんわおん) (sanwaon)
  • 三椏 (みつまた) (mitsumata)
  • 三無主義 (さんむしゅぎ) (sanmushugi)
  • 三号雑誌 (さんごうざっし) (sangōzasshi)
  • 三割自治 (さんわりじち) (sanwarijichi)
  • 三々九度 (さんさんくど) (sansankudo), 三三九度 (さんさんくど) (sansankudo)
  • 三三五五 (さんさんごご) (sansangogo), 三々五々 (さんさんごご) (sansangogo)

Related terms

  • 三つ
  • 三が日
  • 三顧の礼
  • 三舎を避ける
  • 三竦み
  • 三本締め

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana さん, romaji san)

  1. three

Numeral

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal :

(さん, san)

  1. three, 3

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

/mi1/: [mi].

Noun

(hiragana , romaji mi)

  1. three

Korean

Hanja

(sam)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (McCune-Reischauer: sam, Yale: sam)
  • Name (hangeul):  (revised: set, McCune-Reischauer: set, Yale: seys)
  1. three

References


Vietnamese

Han character

(tam)

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