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Definition 2024
三
三
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
三 (radical 1 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一一一 (MMM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿳一一一)
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №4
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 76, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12
- Dae Jaweon: page 138, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 4, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E09
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
三 | |
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alt. forms |
叄/叁/參/参 financial 弎 𢦘 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 三
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Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (三) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
三 | *suːm, *suːms |
弎 | *suːm |
Ideogram (指事) - three parallel lines. Compare with 一, one line meaning “one”, 二, two lines meaning “two”, and 亖, four lines meaning “four”.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saam1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâm
- Min Dong (BUC): săng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): se (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ
- Wade-Giles: san1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: san
- IPA (key): /sa̠n⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: saam1
- Yale: sāam
- Cantonese Pinyin: saam1
- IPA (key): /sɑːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâm
- Hakka Romanization System: sam´
- Hagfa Pinyim: sam1
- IPA: /sam²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: săng
- IPA (key): /saŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: saⁿ / sam
- Tâi-lô: sann / sam
- Phofsit Daibuun: svaf, safm
- IPA (Xiamen): /sã⁴⁴/, /sam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sã³³/, /sam³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sã⁴⁴/, /sam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /sã⁴⁴/, /sam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴⁴/, /sam⁴⁴/
- Note: saⁿ - vernacular; sam - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: san1 / sam1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: saⁿ / sam
- IPA (key): /sã³³/, /sam³³/
- Note: san1 - vernacular; sam1 - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: se (T1)
- IPA (key): /sᴇ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
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Character | 三 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 蘇甘切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sɑm/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/sɑm/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/sɑm/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/sam/ |
Li Rong |
/sɑm/ |
Wang Li |
/sɑm/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/sɑm/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sān |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
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Character | 三 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sān |
Middle Chinese |
‹ sam › |
Old Chinese |
/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?) |
English | three |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
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Character | 三 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
No. | 10963 |
Phonetic component |
三 |
Rime group |
侵 |
Rime subdivision |
3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
三 |
Old Chinese |
/*suːm/ |
Definitions
三
Descendants
Others:
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ
- Wade-Giles: san1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: san
- IPA (key): /sa̠n⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: san4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sann
- IPA (key): /sa̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: saam3, saam1
- Yale: saam, sāam
- Cantonese Pinyin: saam3, saam1
- IPA (key): /sɑːm³³/, /sɑːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàm
- Tâi-lô: sàm
- Phofsit Daibuun: saxm
- IPA (Xiamen): /sam²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sam⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sam²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /sam¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam²¹/
- (Hokkien)
Rime | |
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Character | 三 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 蘇暫切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sɑmH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/sɑmH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/sɑmH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/samH/ |
Li Rong |
/sɑmH/ |
Wang Li |
/sɑmH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/sɑmH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sàn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
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Character | 三 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sān |
Middle Chinese |
‹ samH › |
Old Chinese |
/*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?) |
English | three times |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
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Character | 三 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
No. | 10965 |
Phonetic component |
三 |
Rime group |
侵 |
Rime subdivision |
3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
三 |
Old Chinese |
/*suːms/ |
Definitions
三
- †repeatedly; thrice
- 三思 ― sānsī ― to think carefully
Compounds
See also
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Cardinal | 〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 |
Financial | 零 | 壹 | 貳 贰 |
參 叁 |
肆 | 伍 | 陸 陆 |
柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 |
Playing cards in Chinese · 撲克牌/扑克牌 (pūkèpái) (layout · text) | ||||||
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A | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 |
八 | 九 | 十 | J | Q | K | 小王 (black), 大王 (red) |
Japanese
Kanji
Alternative forms
- (Japanese financial/formal form): 参
Readings
- Goon: さん (san)
- Kan’on: さん (san)
- On (unclassified): ぞう (zō)
- Kun: み (mi), みつ (三つ, mitsu), みっつ (三つ mittsu)
- Nanori: か (ka), かず (kazu), さ (sa), さい (sai), さえ (sae), さぶ, (sabu), さむ (samu), ざ (za), ざえ (zae), ざぶ (zabu), そ (so), そう (sō), ぞ (zo), ぞう (zō), ただ (tada), みつ (mitsu), みん (min), も (mo), や (ya)
Compounds
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Related terms
- 三つ
- 三が日
- 三顧の礼
- 三舎を避ける
- 三竦み
- 三本締め
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
Numeral
< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
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Cardinal : 三 | ||
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
/mi1/: [mi].
Noun
- three
Korean
Hanja
三 • (sam)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 삼 (McCune-Reischauer: sam, Yale: sam)
- Name (hangeul): 셋 (revised: set, McCune-Reischauer: set, Yale: seys)
References
Vietnamese
Han character
三 (tam)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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