Definify.com

Definition 2024


U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38

[U+4E37]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E39]
See also: and

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 3 +2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Large seal script Small seal script



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*qʷralʔ
*ɡʷaːn
*ɡʷaːn
*ɡʷaːn
*ɡʷaːn
*ɡʷaːns
  • Pictogram (象形) – a hand holding an object.

Simplified from in some characters, such as .

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
Harbin /uan²⁴/
Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
Jinan /vã⁴²/
Qingdao /vã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
Xi'an /uã²⁴/
Xining /uã²⁴/
Yinchuan /van⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥~子
/yɛn²¹³/ 肉~子
Chengdu /uan³¹/
Guiyang /uan²¹/
Kunming /uã̠³¹/
Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
Nanning /yn²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /uan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zuaŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwan/
Li
Rong
/ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li
/ɣuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huán
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wán wán
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷˤar/ /*ɦʷˤar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˤar)
English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12608
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

  1. small round object
  2. pellet; pill
  3. (TCM) pill
  4. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ball; circular thing such as a bullet or pill
  2. counter word for pills
  3. being circular
  4. make a thing circular
  5. a whole thing

Readings

  • Goon: がん (gan)
  • Kan’on: かん (kan)
  • Kun: まる (maru), まろ (maro), まる・い (丸い, maru-i), まる・かす (丸かす, maru-kasu), まろ・かす (丸かす, maro-kasu), まる・かせ (丸かせ, maru-kase), まろ・かせ (丸かせ, maro-kase), まる・ける (丸ける, maru-keru), まろ・かる (丸かる, maro-karu), まる・っこい (丸っこい, maru-kkoi), まろ・ぐ (丸ぐ, maro-gu), まる・ぐち (丸ぐち, maru-guchi), まる・ごと (丸ごと, maru-goto), まる・み (丸み, maru-mi), まる・む (丸む, maru-mu), まる・む (丸む, maro-mu), まる・まる (丸まる, maru-maru), まる・める (丸める, maru-meru), まろ・める (丸める, maro-meru), まろ・やか (丸やか, maro-yaka), まろ・らか (丸らか, maro-raka), (rare) たま (tama)
  • Nanori: たま (tama), (ma), まる (maru), まろ (maro), (wa), わに (wani)

Compounds

  • 一丸
  • 黒丸
  • 睾丸
  • 銃丸
  • 正露丸, 征露丸
  • 弾丸
  • 二重丸
  • 砲丸
  • 本丸
  • 丸々, 丸丸
  • 丸事
  • 丸味
  • 丸暗記, 丸諳記
  • 丸一
  • 丸一月
  • 丸一週間
  • 丸一日
  • 丸一年
  • 丸一晩
  • 丸屋根
  • 丸括弧
  • 丸瓦
  • 丸顔
  • 丸鋸
  • 丸型, 丸形
  • 丸公
  • 丸鋼
  • 丸腰
  • 丸剤
  • 丸材
  • 丸首
  • 丸十
  • 丸傷
  • 丸石
  • 丸窓
  • 丸損
  • 丸太
  • 丸帯
  • 丸底
  • 丸天井
  • 丸砥石
  • 丸禿
  • 丸秘
  • 丸鼻蜂
  • 丸坊主
  • 丸本
  • 丸網機
  • 丸木
  • 丸薬
  • 丸裸
  • 丸鑿
  • 丸髷

References

  • New Nelson: 34
  • Halpern: 3417
  • Halpern Learners: 2134
  • Heisig: 44
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.28
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Related terms

  • 丸で (まるで, marude)
  • 丸っこい
  • 丸まる
  • 丸み
  • 丸刈り
  • 丸々と, 丸丸と
  • 丸持ち
  • 丸焼き
  • 丸切り
  • 丸彫り
  • 丸儲け

Noun

(hiragana まる, romaji maru)

  1. circle
  2. (colloquial) 半濁点, a semi-voicing mark

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Prefix

(hiragana まる, romaji maru-)

  1. whole, complete

Derived terms

  • 丸っきり, 丸っ切り
  • 丸ごと
  • 丸覚え
  • 丸干し
  • 丸見え
  • 丸写し
  • 丸取り
  • 丸出し
  • 丸勝ち
  • 丸焼け
  • 丸洗い
  • 丸潰れ
  • 丸呑み
  • 丸負け
  • 丸抱え

Suffix

(hiragana まる, romaji -maru)

  1. suffix for ship names

Korean

Hanja

(hwan)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (revised: hwan, McCune-Reischauer: hwan)
  • Name (hangeul): 둥글 (revised: dunggeul, McCune-Reischauer: tunggǔl)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References


Vietnamese

Han character

(hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References