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Definition 2024

債

債

債 U+50B5, 債
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B5
← 傴
[U+50B4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 傶 →
[U+50B6]
See also: 债

Translingual

Han character

債 (radical 9 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 25286, composition ⿰亻責)

  1. debt, loan, liabilities

References

  • KangXi: page 114, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
  • Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 207, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+50B5

Chinese

trad. 債
simp. 债

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 債
Small seal script

s05920
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
債 *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積 *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺 *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
刾 *sʰeɡs
朿 *sʰeɡs
漬 *zeɡs
耫 *zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖 *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀 *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒 *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘 *ʔsreːɡ
簀 *ʔsreːɡ
嫧 *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮 *ʔsreːɡ
責 *ʔsreːɡ
皟 *sʰreːɡ
憡 *sʰreːɡ
策 *sʰreːɡ
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺 *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾 *zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌 *sreːɡ
蹟 *ʔseɡ
襀 *ʔseɡ
磧 *sʰeɡ
洓 *sʰeɡ
績 *ʔseːɡ
勣 *ʔseːɡ
樍 *ʔseːɡ

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 債
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sai⁵³/
/ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sai⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sai²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sa³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sa³²⁴/
/t͡sɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sai³³/
Nanning /t͡sai³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sai³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sai²¹/
/t͡se²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sai³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡se²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sai³⁵/
/t͡sɛ³⁵/
Rime
Character 債 債
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 莊 (18) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 佳 (31) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 側賣切 側革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ʃˠɛH/ /t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈ͡ʂᵚæH/ /ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ʃæiH/ /t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈ͡ʂaɨjH/ /ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ʃɛH/ /t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ʃaiH/ /t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʈ͡ʂaiH/ /ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhài zhe
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 債
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsrɛH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-tˤrek-s/
English debt

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 債 債
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1744 1759
Phonetic
component		 朿 朿
Rime
group		 賜 錫
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 債 責
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsreːɡs/ /*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions

債

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Japanese

Kanji

債

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

  • 社債 (しゃさい) ‎(shasai)
  • 学校債 (がっこうさい) ‎(gakkōsai)
  • 社債発行費 (しゃさいはっこうひ) ‎(shasaihakkōhi)
  • 負債性引当金 (ふさいせいひきあてきん) ‎(fusaiseihikiatekin)
  • ワラント債 (さい) ‎(warantosai)
  • 校債 (こうさい) ‎(kōsai)
  • 学債 (がくさい) ‎(gakusai)
  • 債務 (さいむ) ‎(saimu)

Noun

債 ‎(hiragana さい, romaji sai)

  1. loan, debt

Korean

Hanja

債 • ‎(chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune-Reischauer ch'ae)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

債 (trái)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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