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Definition 2024

堵

堵

Translingual

Han character

堵 (radical 32 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土十大日 (GJKA), four-corner 44160, composition ⿰土者)

References

  • KangXi: page 234, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5279
  • Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 448, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5835

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 堵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 ‎(OC *tjaːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 堵
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tuoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tuoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /toX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tɔX/
Li
Rong		 /toX/
Wang
Li		 /tuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堵 堵
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dǔ dǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tuX › ‹ tuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˤaʔ/ /*tˤaʔ/
English a row or set of bells or musical stones measure of length of wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堵
Reading # 2/2
No. 16975
Phonetic
component		 者
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 覩
Old
Chinese		 /*taːʔ/

Definitions

堵

  1. wall
    觀者如堵 / 观者如堵  ―  guānzhěrúdǔ  ―  a wall of spectators
  2. to block up; to stop up
  3. stifled; suffocated
  4. Classifier for walls.  ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 堵
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章也切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ciaX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhě
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堵
Reading # 1/2
No. 16961
Phonetic
component		 者
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 者
Old
Chinese		 /*tjaːʔ/

Definitions

堵

  1. (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)

Japanese

Kanji

堵

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

堵 • ‎(do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune-Reischauer to)

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Vietnamese

Han character

堵 (đổ)

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References

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