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Definition 2024
必
必
See also: 心
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Japanese stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
必 (radical 61 心+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心竹 (PH), four-corner 33000, composition ⿻心丿)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 375, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10299
- Dae Jaweon: page 701, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2267, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5FC5
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
必 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 必
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (必) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 泌 | *mpriɡs, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 秘 | *mpriɡs |
| 毖 | *priɡs |
| 閟 | *priɡs |
| 柲 | *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 鉍 | *priɡs, *priɡ |
| 邲 | *priɡs, *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 覕 | *pliŋs, *mbliːɡ |
| 咇 | *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 苾 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 馝 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 飶 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 鴓 | *mbliːɡ |
| 鮅 | *pliɡ, *bliɡ |
| 必 | *pliɡ |
| 珌 | *pliɡ |
| 佖 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 駜 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 怭 | *bliɡ |
| 妼 | *bliɡ |
| 宓 | *mriɡ, *mliɡ |
| 樒 | *mriɡ |
| 密 | *mriɡ |
| 蔤 | *mriɡ |
| 滵 | *mriɡ |
| 蜜 | *mliɡ |
| 謐 | *mliɡ |
| 榓 | *mliɡ |
| 淧 | *mliɡ |
| 瑟 | *smriɡ, *smriɡ |
| 璱 | *sriɡ |
| 飋 | *sriɡ |
| 虙 | *blɯɡ |
Etymology unclear – an ideogram or pictogram of some sort. Unrelated to 心, as bronze script makes clear, but in current form very similar.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bit1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pit
- Min Dong (BUC): bék
- Min Nan (POJ): pit
- Wu (Wiktionary): piq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: pih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
- IPA (key): /pi⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bit1
- Yale: bīt
- Cantonese Pinyin: bit7
- IPA (key): /piːt̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit
- Hakka Romanization System: bid`
- Hagfa Pinyim: bid5
- IPA: /pit̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bék
- IPA (key): /pɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit
- Tâi-lô: pit
- Phofsit Daibuun: pid
- IPA (Xiamen): /pit̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pit̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /pit̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pit̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: piq (T4)
- IPA (key): /pi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 必 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /pi⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /pi⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /pi⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /pi²¹/ | |
| Xining | /pji⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /pi¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /pi²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /pi³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /pi²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /pi³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /piʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /piəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /piɪʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /pi²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /piʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /pi⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pi²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /pi²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /piʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pit̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /pit̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pit̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /pit̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pit̚⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /pit̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /pɛiʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /pi²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /pik̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔbit̚⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 必 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 卑吉切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/piɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pit̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/piĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/pĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bi |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 必 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pjit › |
| Old Chinese |
/*pi[t]/ |
| English | necessarily |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 必 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 568 |
| Phonetic component |
必 |
| Rime group |
質 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
必 |
| Old Chinese |
/*pliɡ/ |
Definitions
必
- surely; most certainly
- must
-
- 耶和華神對蛇說，你既作了這事，就必受咒詛，比一切的牲畜野獸更甚。你必用肚子行走，終身吃土。 [MSC, trad.]
- 耶和华神对蛇说，你既作了这事，就必受咒诅，比一切的牲畜野兽更甚。你必用肚子行走，终身吃土。 [MSC, simp.]
- Yēhéhuá shén duì shé shuō, nǐ jì zuò le zhè shì, jiù bì shòu zhòuzǔ, bǐ yīqiè de shēngchù yěshòu gèng shèn. Nǐ bì yòng dùzi xíngzǒu, zhōngshēn chī tǔ. [Pinyin]
- And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed [must receive a curse] above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go [you must use your belly to go], and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.
-
Compounds
|
Japanese
Kanji
必
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
必 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune-Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
必 (tất, ắt)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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