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Definition 2024
松
松
See also: 鬆
Translingual
Han character
松 (radical 75 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 48932, composition ⿰木公)
References
- KangXi: page 514, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
- Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1173, character 5
- Unihan data for U+677E
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 慃 | *qroːŋʔ |
| 袞 | *kluːnʔ |
| 衮 | *kluːnʔ |
| 蔉 | *kluːnʔ |
| 滚 | *kluːnʔ |
| 忩 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鬆 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ |
| 凇 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
| 公 | *kloːŋ |
| 蚣 | *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ |
| 翁 | *qloːŋ |
| 螉 | *qloːŋ |
| 蓊 | *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ |
| 嗡 | *qloːŋ |
| 滃 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 暡 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 勜 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 塕 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 瓮 | *qloːŋs |
| 崧 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 菘 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 硹 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 淞 | *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
| 蜙 | *sqʰloŋ |
| 倯 | *sqʰloŋ |
| 松 | *sɢloŋ |
| 訟 | *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs |
| 頌 | *sɢloŋs, *loŋ |
| 忪 | *kljoŋ |
| 彸 | *kljoŋ |
| 衳 | *kljoŋ |
| 伀 | *kljoŋ |
| 妐 | *kljoŋ |
| 炂 | *kljoŋ |
| 鈆 | *kljoŋ, *lon |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sɢloŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).
Etymology 1
|
simp. and trad. |
松 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms |
枩 柗 梥 枀 |
|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sûng
- Min Nan (POJ): sang / song
- Wu (Wiktionary): son (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ
- Wade-Giles: sung1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: song
- IPA (key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cung4
- Yale: chùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung4
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûng
- Hakka Romanization System: sung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: sung1
- IPA: /suŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: son (T1)
- IPA (key): /sʊŋ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 松 (松樹) |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /suŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /suŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕyŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /səŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /syuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /suŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /suə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /sũn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /soŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /soŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /soŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /soŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /soŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /səŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /suŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /soŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /soŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /soŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jyɔ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha |
/soŋ³³/ /t͡soŋ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /sən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang |
/t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ ～毛 /suŋ⁴²/ ～香 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰiuŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /suŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/siɔŋ³⁵/ /t͡siŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /syŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sœyŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/soŋ⁵⁵/ /seŋ⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /toŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 松 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 祥容切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/zɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/zioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/zioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/zuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/zioŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/zĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/zi̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sóng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 松 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sōng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zjowng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*sə.ɢoŋ/ |
| English | pine (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 松 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4115 |
| Phonetic component |
公 |
| Rime group |
東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
松 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sɢloŋ/ |
Definitions
松
Compounds
Derived terms from 松
|
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“loose; relax”). (This character, 松, is the simplified form of 鬆.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese
Kanji
松
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 松 |
|
まつ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
松 (hiragana まつ, romaji matsu)
- a pine tree
- a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
- the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system
Coordinate terms
Proper noun
松 (hiragana まつ, romaji Matsu)
- A surname.
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
松 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune-Reischauer song, Yale song)
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