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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 163 +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一竹弓中 (MHNL), four-corner 17227, composition ⿰牙)

  1. wrong, evil, depraved, vicious, perverse, heterodox
  2. unnatural

References

  • KangXi: page 1269, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1768, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3758, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+90AA

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ljaː, *laː
*ljaː
*ŋraː
*ŋraː
*ŋraː, *ŋraːs
*ŋraː, *hŋraː
*ŋraː, *ŋraːs
*ŋraːʔ
*ŋraːʔ
*ŋraːʔ
*ŋraːs
*ŋraːs
*ŋraːs
*ŋraːs
*hŋraː
*hŋraː
*hŋraː
*hŋraː
*qraː
*laː

 + .

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕiɛ²²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕie⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiə⁴²/
Qingdao /siə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /siɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xining /ɕi⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕie⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiə⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕie³¹/
Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /sie²⁴/
Hefei /ɕi⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ʑia²³/
Suzhou /ziɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiɑ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zei³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /sie¹³/
Xiangtan /siɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sia¹¹/
Taoyuan /siɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰe²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sia³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sia⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sia⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /se³¹/
/tia³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (36) (17)
Final () (100) (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jia/ /zia/
Pan
Wuyun
/jia/ /zia/
Shao
Rongfen
/ia/ /zia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jia/ /zia/
Li
Rong
/ia/ /zia/
Wang
Li
/jĭa/ /zĭa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯a/ /zi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xié
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xié
Middle
Chinese
‹ zjæ › ‹ zjo › ‹  › ‹  ›
Old
Chinese
/*sə.ɢA/ /*sə.la/ /*ɢ(r)A/ /*[ɢ](r)A/
English awry walk slowly 琅邪 (name of a mountain in Shāndōng) (interrogative particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 14175 14197
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ljaː/ /*laː/
Notes

Definitions

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Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Synonyms

Antonyms


Korean

Hanja

(sa, ya) (hangeul , , revised sa, ya, McCune-Reischauer sa, ya, Yale sa, ya)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(, )

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