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Definition 2025

虹

虹

Translingual

Han character

A rainbow

虹 (radical 142 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 51110, composition ⿰虫工)

References

  • KangXi: page 1076, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2834, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8679

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 虹
alt. forms 蝎

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虹
Oracle bone script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 虹 虹 虹
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 東 (1) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I I II
Fanqie 戸公切 古送切 古巷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuŋ/ /kuŋH/ /kˠʌŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuŋ/ /kuŋH/ /kᵚɔŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuŋ/ /kuŋH/ /kɔŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəwŋ/ /kəwŋH/ /kaɨwŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuŋ/ /kuŋH/ /kɔŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuŋ/ /kuŋH/ /kɔŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuŋ/ /kuŋH/ /kɔŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hóng gòng jiàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 虹 虹
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hóng jiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ huwng › ‹ kæwngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-kˤoŋ/ /*kˤroŋ-s/
English rainbow rainbow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 虹 虹 虹
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 4004 4032 4056
Phonetic
component		 工 工 工
Rime
group		 東 東 東
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 絳 貢 洪
Old
Chinese		 /*kroːŋs/ /*koːŋs/ /*ɡoːŋ/
Notes 原注今音絳

Definitions

虹

  1. rainbow
    彩虹  ―  cǎihóng  ―  rainbow

Japanese

Kanji

虹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

虹 (niji, nuji, noji): a rainbow.
Kanji in this term
虹
にじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Shift from earlier nuji or noji reading.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

虹 ‎(hiragana にじ, romaji niji)

  1. a rainbow
    春雨 (はるさめ)がやんだ途端 (とたん)に、美 (うつく)しい虹 (にじ)が現 (あらわ)れた。
    Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
    Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
虹
ぬじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Shift from earlier noji reading.

Pronunciation

Noun

虹 ‎(hiragana ぬじ, romaji nuji)

  1. (dialect, possibly obsolete) a rainbow

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
虹
のじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 720 CE as an eastern dialectal variant.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

虹 ‎(hiragana ぬじ, romaji nuji)

  1. (obsolete) a rainbow

References

  1. 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

虹 • ‎(hong, gang)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 홍, 강()
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

虹 (hồng, vồng, nhật)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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