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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 144 +6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人土土弓 (HOGGN), four-corner 21104, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1109, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34051
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1573, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 831, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+8857

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kreː, *kreː
*ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
*ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
*kreː
*ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
*ŋreː, *ŋre
*ŋreː, *ŋre
*ŋreː
*ŋreː
*ŋreː
*ŋreːs
*qreː
*qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
*qreː, *qʷraː
*ɡeː, *kʷeː
*qeːns
*ɡʷraːʔ
*ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
*ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
*qʷraː, *qʷreː
*qʷraː
*kʷreːs
*kʷreːs
*kʷreːs
詿 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
*kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
*kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
*ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
*kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
*kʷeːs
*kʷeːs
*kʰʷeː
*kʰʷeː
*kʰʷeː
*kʰʷeː
*qʰʷeː
*ɡʷeː
*ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
*qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
*kʰʷeʔ
*qʷes
*qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreː, *kreː) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *kʷeː).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kai⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕie²¹/
/kai²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Xining /kɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kɛ⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕie⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /kai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kai⁵⁵/
Kunming /kæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕie̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ka⁵³/
Suzhou /kɑ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕie̞³³/
Wenzhou /ka³³/
Hui Shexian /ka³¹/
Tunxi /ka¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kai³³/
Xiangtan /kai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ke⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ke²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kai⁵⁵/
Nanning /kai⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kai⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kai⁵⁵/
/kue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kai⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /koi³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kɔi²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (28) (28)
Final () (31) (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛ/ /kˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæ/ /kᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen
/kæi/ /kɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaɨj/ /kəɨj/
Li
Rong
/kɛ/ /kɛi/
Wang
Li
/kai/ /kɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kai/ /kăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiā jiē
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiē
Middle
Chinese
‹  ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˤre/
English road-crossing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4527 4532
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kreː/ /*kreː/
Notes

Definitions

  1. street
  2. market; fair

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Noun

(hiragana まち, romaji machi)

  1. town; neighborhood

Derived terms

  • 街明 (まちあ)かり (machiakari), 街明 (まちあか) (machiakari)

Korean

Hanja

(ga) (hangeul , McCune-Reischauer ka, Yale ka)

  1. street; road

Vietnamese

Han character

(nhai, nhây)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.