Definify.com
Definition 2024
關
關
Translingual
| Traditional | 關 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 関 |
| Simplified | 关 |
Han character
關 (radical 169 門+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日弓女戈廿 (ANVIT), four-corner 77772, composition ⿵門𢇇)
References
- KangXi: page 1341, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41470
- Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4316, character 10
- Unihan data for U+95DC
Chinese
| trad. | 關 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 关 | |
| alt. forms |
関 𨶹 𢇅 |
|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (卵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 卵 | *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ |
| 關 | *kroːn |
| 関 | *kroːn |
| 聯 | *ɡ·ron |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 (OC *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ) – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kôan
- Min Dong (BUC): guŏng / guăng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): kue (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
- Wade-Giles: kuan1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
- IPA (key): /ku̯a̠n⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gwaan1
- Yale: gwāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan1
- IPA (key): /kʷɑːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôan
- Hakka Romanization System: guan´
- Hagfa Pinyim: guan1
- IPA: /ku̯an²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guŏng / guăng
- IPA (key): /kuoŋ⁵⁵/, /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
- Note: guŏng - vernacular; guăng - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuainn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvoay
- IPA (Xiamen): /kuãi⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kuĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuann
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan
- Tâi-lô: kuan
- Phofsit Daibuun: koafn
- IPA (Xiamen): /kuan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kuan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴/
- Note: koaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/koaⁿ - vernacular; koan - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: guên1 / guêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueⁿ / kueng
- IPA (key): /kũẽ³³/, /kueŋ³³/
- Note: guên1 - vernacular; guêng1 - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: kue (T1)
- IPA (key): /kɯᴇ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古還切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠuan/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʷᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kwaɨn/ |
| Li Rong |
/kuan/ |
| Wang Li |
/kwan/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kwan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
guān |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 關 | 關 | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
guān | guān | guān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kwæn › | ‹ kwæn › | ‹ kwæn › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˤro[n]/ | /*[k]ˤro[n]/ | /*kˤro[n]/ |
| English | barrier | 關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry] | 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8640 |
| Phonetic component |
卵 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
關 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kroːn/ |
Definitions
關
- to close; to shut
- to lock up; to detain
- to turn off; to switch off
- to concern; to implicate; to relate to
- frontier pass
- relation (family/contacts)
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 關
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
關
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 関)
- a pass, such as in a mountain range
- relation, relationship
Readings
- Goon: けん (ken), (historical) くゑん (kwen)
- On (unclassified): かん (kan), (historical) くわん (kwan)
- Kun: かかわる (關わる, 關る, kakawaru), せき (seki), ぜき (zeki)
- Nanori: からくり (karakuri), かんぬき (kannuki)
Usage notes
Not used in modern Japanese. Superseded by the shinjitai character 関.