Definify.com
Definition 2024
中國
中國
Chinese
middle; center; within; among; in; while (doing sth); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)
|
country; state; nation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (中國) | 中 | 國 | |
| simp. (中国) | 中 | 国 | |
| anagram | 國中／国中 | ||
| Literally: “middle kingdom; central country”. | |||
Proper noun
中國
- China; the Middle Kingdom
- 中國的首都是北京。 [MSC, trad.]
- 中国的首都是北京。 [MSC, simp.]
- Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng. [Pinyin]
- The capital of China is Beijing.
-
- 他現在在中國旅行。 [MSC, trad.]
- 他现在在中国旅行。 [MSC, simp.]
- Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng. [Pinyin]
- He's travelling around China right now.
-
- 你喜歡中國文學嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
- 你喜欢中国文学吗？ [MSC, simp.]
- Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma? [Pinyin]
- Do you like Chinese literature?
- 中國和平崛起 / 中国和平崛起 ― zhōngguó hépíngjuéqǐ ― China's peaceful rise
See also
Derived terms
Noun
中國
- (archaic) imperial court
- (archaic) capital of a state
- (archaic) region under direct rule of the emperor
- (archaic) Central Plain
Descendants
Others:
Etymology
This word referred to various states and regions throughout history:
- Western Zhou Dynasty [1046–771 BCE]:
- the region controlled by the Western Zhou Dynasty, covering the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi, as well as the basin between the Yellow River and the Luo River.
- Eastern Zhou Dynasty [770–221 BCE]:
- all of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
- Since Qin Dynasty [221 BCE–1911 CE]:
- the land controlled by the imperial regime of the Central Plain - i.e. the ancestors of modern China.
- After the Xinhai Revolution [1911 CE]:
- After the founding of the People's Republic of China [1949 CE]:
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): zung1 guet6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zung1 gueh4
- Min Dong (BUC): Dṳ̆ng-guók
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): tson koq (T1)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): zhong1 gue6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jonggwo
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zung1 gwok3
- Yale: jūng gwok
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzung1 gwok8
- IPA (key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zuung1 gok2
- IPA (key): /t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-koet
- Hakka Romanization System: zung´ gued`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zung1 gued5
- IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: zung1 guêd5
- IPA: /t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Dṳ̆ng-guók
- IPA (key): /tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (k-)ŋuɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-kok
- Tâi-lô: Tiong-kok
- Phofsit Daibuun: diongkog
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dong1 gog4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong kok
- IPA (key): /toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tson koq (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊʔ²¹/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 中 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 德 (132) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 陟弓切 | 古或切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʈɨuŋ/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈiuŋ/ | /kʷək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȶiuŋ/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈuwŋ/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȶiuŋ/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȶĭuŋ/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȶi̯uŋ/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhōng | guo |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 中 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhōng | guó |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ trjuwng › | ‹ kwok › |
| Old Chinese |
/*truŋ/ | /*[C.q]ʷˤək/ |
| English | center | state (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 中 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17407 | 5547 |
| Phonetic component |
中 | 或 |
| Rime group |
終 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
中 | 國 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tuŋ/ | /*kʷɯːɡ/ |