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Definition 2024
令
令
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Translingual
Han character
令 (radical 9 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 80307, composition ⿱亽龴 (G) or ⿱亼龴 (TV) or ⿱亼⿱𠃌丨 (JK))
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 93, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
- Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 111, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EE4
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
令 | |
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Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 令
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
| 零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
| 命 | *mreŋs |
| 冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
| 嶺 | *reŋʔ |
| 領 | *reŋʔ |
| 阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 袊 | *reŋʔ |
| 詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
| 旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 舲 | *reːŋ |
| 齡 | *reːŋ |
| 囹 | *reːŋ |
| 鴒 | *reːŋ |
| 蛉 | *reːŋ |
| 鈴 | *reːŋ |
| 苓 | *reːŋ |
| 伶 | *reːŋ |
| 泠 | *reːŋ |
| 瓴 | *reːŋ |
| 拎 | *reːŋ |
| 刢 | *reːŋ |
| 玲 | *reːŋ |
| 聆 | *reːŋ |
| 竛 | *reːŋ |
| 軨 | *reːŋ |
| 笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 翎 | *reːŋ |
| 閝 | *reːŋ |
| 鹷 | *reːŋ |
| 昤 | *reːŋ |
| 駖 | *reːŋ |
| 彾 | *reːŋ |
| 呤 | *reːŋ |
| 狑 | *reːŋ |
| 秢 | *reːŋ |
| 岭 | *reːŋ |
| 紷 | *reːŋ |
| 砱 | *reːŋ |
| 羚 | *reːŋ |
| 姈 | *reːŋ |
| 蕶 | *reːŋ |
| 澪 | *reːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 亼 + 卩.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: ling4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ling6
- Yale: lihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling6
- IPA (key): /lɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin
- Hakka Romanization System: lin
- Hagfa Pinyim: lin4
- IPA: /lin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
- Tâi-lô: līng
- Phofsit Daibuun: leng
- IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 令 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /liŋ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /liŋ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /liŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /liŋ³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /liŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /liə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /liŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lĩn¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /liŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /nin³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /nin¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /nin²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /lĩ¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /lin⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /lin⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /liŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /lĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /lin³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /lin¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /leŋ²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /liʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /lɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lin⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /nin⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lin²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lin⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /lin⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /leŋ²²/ |
| Nanning | /leŋ²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /liŋ²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /liŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /lɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /leiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /leŋ³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /leŋ³³/ 使～(俗) |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 2/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 清 (121) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 呂貞切 | 力政切 | 郎定切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/liᴇŋ/ | /liᴇŋH/ | /leŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/liɛŋ/ | /liɛŋH/ | /leŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/liæŋ/ | /liæŋH/ | /lɛŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/liajŋ/ | /liajŋH/ | /lɛjŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/liɛŋ/ | /liɛŋH/ | /leŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭɛŋ/ | /lĭɛŋH/ | /lieŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯ɛŋ/ | /li̯ɛŋH/ | /lieŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
líng | lìng | lìng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
líng | lìng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ljeng › | ‹ ljengH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*riŋ/ | /*riŋ-s/ |
| English | send (a person) | issue a command |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 2/5 | 3/5 | 5/5 |
| No. | 8277 | 8284 | 8332 |
| Phonetic component |
令 | 令 | 令 |
| Rime group |
耕 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
跉 | 令 | 零 |
| Old Chinese |
/*reŋ/ | /*reŋs/ | /*reːŋs/ |
Definitions
令
- to order; to command
- to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow
- (historical) governor; magistrate (official title)
- good; excellent
- time; season
- drinking game
- (respectful) your
- (poem) Short for 小令 (“ditty”).
- A surname.
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: ling2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ling4
- Yale: lìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling4
- IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 令 |
| Reading # | 3/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎丁切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/leŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/leŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/leŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/lieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/lieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
líng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
líng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ leng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˤiŋ/ |
| English | 脊令 tsjek.leng (a kind of water bird) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 令 |
| Reading # | 4/5 |
| No. | 8306 |
| Phonetic component |
令 |
| Rime group |
耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
靈 |
| Old Chinese |
/*reːŋ/ |
Definitions
令
- †Only used in 令狐 (Lìnghú).
- †Only used in 令利.
- †Only used in 令俜.
- †Only used in 令星.
- †Only used in 脊令.
- †Original form of 瓴.
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
- Wade-Giles: ling3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
- IPA (key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ling1, ling5, lim1
- Yale: līng, líhng, līm
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling1, ling5, lim1
- IPA (key): /lɪŋ⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ¹³/, /liːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions
令
- Classifier for reams of paper.
Pronunciation 4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: lien2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
- IPA (key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力延切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/liᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/liɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ljæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lian/ |
| Li Rong |
/liɛn/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lián |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| No. | 8271 |
| Phonetic component |
令 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
連 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ren/ |
Definitions
令
- †Only used in 令居 (“ancient county in modern Gansu”).
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 令 |
|
れい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
令 • (ryeong) (hangeul 령, revised ryeong, McCune-Reischauer ryŏng, Yale ryeng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
令 (lệnh, lanh, lành, lênh, lình, liệng, lịnh, loanh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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