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Definition 2024
倒
倒
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Translingual
Han character
倒 (radical 9 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人一土弓 (OMGN), four-corner 22200, composition ⿰亻到)
References
- KangXi: page 107, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 767
- Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 174, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5012
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
倒 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 倒 | |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 刀 | *taːw |
| 忉 | *taːw |
| 鱽 | *taːw |
| 舠 | *taːw |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 叨 | *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw |
| 倒 | *taːwʔ, *taːws |
| 到 | *taːws |
| 菿 | *taːws, *rtaːwɢ |
| 鞀 | *deːw |
| 鳭 | *rteːw, *teːw |
| 灱 | *hreːw |
| 菬 | *sdew, *tjewʔ |
| 超 | *tʰew |
| 怊 | *tʰew, *tʰjew |
| 欩 | *tʰew |
| 召 | *dews, *djews |
| 昭 | *tjew |
| 招 | *tjew |
| 鉊 | *tjew |
| 沼 | *tjewʔ |
| 照 | *tjews |
| 詔 | *tjews |
| 炤 | *tjews |
| 弨 | *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ |
| 眧 | *tʰjewʔ |
| 韶 | *djew |
| 佋 | *djew, *djewʔ |
| 軺 | *djew, *lew |
| 玿 | *djew |
| 柖 | *djew |
| 紹 | *djewʔ |
| 袑 | *djewʔ |
| 綤 | *djewʔ |
| 邵 | *djews |
| 劭 | *djews |
| 卲 | *djews |
| 刁 | *teːw |
| 芀 | *teːw, *deːw |
| 貂 | *teːw |
| 蛁 | *teːw |
| 迢 | *deːw |
| 苕 | *deːw |
| 髫 | *deːw |
| 岧 | *deːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taːwʔ, *taːws) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 到 (OC *taːws).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dou2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): to / tó
- Min Dong (BUC): dō̤
- Min Nan (POJ): tó / tò / tho̍h
- Wu (Wiktionary): tau (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˇ
- Wade-Giles: tao3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dao
- IPA (key): /tɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dou2
- Yale: dóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou2
- IPA (key): /tou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: to / tó
- Hakka Romanization System: do / do`
- Hagfa Pinyim: do4 / do3
- IPA: /to⁵⁵/, /to³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dō̤
- IPA (key): /to³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó / tò / tho̍h
- Tâi-lô: tó / tò / tho̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: doir, doix, toih
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɤ⁵³/, /tɤ²¹/, /tʰɤʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɤ⁵⁵⁴/, /tɤ⁴¹/, /tʰɤʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɤ⁵³/, /tɤ²¹/, /tʰɤʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /to⁵³/, /to¹¹/, /tʰoʔ⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴¹/, /tɤ²¹/, /tʰɤʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tau (T2)
- IPA (key): /tɔ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 倒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都晧切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tɑuX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tɑuX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tɑuX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tawX/ |
| Li Rong |
/tɑuX/ |
| Wang Li |
/tɑuX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tɑuX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dǎo |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 倒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dǎo |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tawX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tˤawʔ/ |
| English | turn upside down (v.i.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 倒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 2114 |
| Phonetic component |
刀 |
| Rime group |
宵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
倒 |
| Old Chinese |
/*taːwʔ/ |
| Notes | 見漢賦 |
Definitions
倒
- to fall; to fall over; to fall down
- to collapse; to fall in
- to lie down; to recline
- to fail; to be on the decline
- to be damaged; to malfunction
- to go bankrupt; to close down
- to sell out; to sell up; to give up for money
- to buy and resell for a profit
- to stop; to discontinue
- to move; to move around
- to change; to switch over
- (Cantonese) to pour out; to tip; to dump
- (neologism, slang) to be astonished (to the extent that one feels dizzy and falls); to be left speechless
Compounds
Derived terms from 倒
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dou3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): to / tó
- Min Dong (BUC): dó̤
- Min Nan (POJ): tò
- Wu (Wiktionary): tau (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
- Wade-Giles: tao4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
- IPA (key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dou3
- Yale: dou
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou3
- IPA (key): /tou̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: to / tó
- Hakka Romanization System: do / do`
- Hagfa Pinyim: do4 / do3
- IPA: /to⁵⁵/, /to³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dó̤
- IPA (key): /tɔ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tò
- Tâi-lô: tò
- Phofsit Daibuun: doix
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɤ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɤ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɤ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /to¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tau (T2)
- IPA (key): /tɔ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 倒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都導切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tɑuH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tɑuH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tɑuH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tawH/ |
| Li Rong |
/tɑuH/ |
| Wang Li |
/tɑuH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tɑuH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dào |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 倒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dào |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tawH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tˤawʔ-s/ |
| English | turn over, invert; pour |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 倒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 2116 |
| Phonetic component |
刀 |
| Rime group |
宵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
到 |
| Old Chinese |
/*taːws/ |
Definitions
倒
- to put upside down; to invert; to be inverted
- to reverse; to move backwards; to turn back
- upside down; inverted; flipped; reversed
- to pour out; to dump; to empty
- to cast; to mould
- contrary to expectation; conversely; on the contrary; instead
- particle indicating contrast; but; however
- particle used after a ‹verb + 得› structure to indicate it is contrary to the actual situation, implying blame; then
- particle used in a subordinate clause at the beginning of a sentence to indicate concession; quite
- particle used in an imperative sentence to indicate impatience
- particle used to soften the tone
Compounds
Derived terms from 倒
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Japanese
Kanji
倒
- overthrow
Readings
Korean
Hanja
倒 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune-Reischauer to)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
倒 (đảo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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