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Definition 2024
啞
啞
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Translingual
| Traditional | 啞 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 唖 |
| Simplified | 哑 |
Han character
啞 (radical 30 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口一中一 (RMLM), four-corner 61017, composition ⿰口亞)
References
- KangXi: page 196, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3835
- Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 636, character 7
- Unihan data for U+555E
Chinese
| trad. | 啞 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 哑 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 椏 | *qaːʔ, *qraː |
| 錏 | *qraː |
| 鵶 | *qraː |
| 啞 | *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ |
| 瘂 | *qraːʔ |
| 亞 | *qraːɡs |
| 婭 | *qraːɡs |
| 俹 | *qraːɡs |
| 稏 | *qraːɡs |
| 惡 | *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ |
| 噁 | *qaːɡs |
| 堊 | *qaːɡ |
| 蝁 | *qaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
- Wade-Giles: ya3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
- IPA (key): /i̯a̠²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: aa2, ak1, aa1
- Yale: á, āk, ā
- Cantonese Pinyin: aa2, ak7, aa1
- IPA (key): /ɑː³⁵/, /ɐk̚⁵/, /ɑː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: á
- Hakka Romanization System: a`
- Hagfa Pinyim: a3
- IPA: /a³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
- Tâi-lô: á
- Phofsit Daibuun: ar
- IPA (Quanzhou): /a⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /a⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /a⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /a⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: é
- Tâi-lô: é
- Phofsit Daibuun: ea
- IPA (Quanzhou): /e⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /e⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /e⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /e⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ée
- Tâi-lô: ée
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ⁵³/
- Note: á - literary; é/ée - vernacular.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 啞 | 啞 | 啞 | 啞 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 麻 (98) | 陌 (113) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II | II | II |
| Fanqie | 烏下切 | 衣嫁切 | 烏格切 | 於革切 |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔˠaX/ | /ʔˠaH/ | /ʔˠæk̚/ | /ʔˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔᵚaX/ | /ʔᵚaH/ | /ʔᵚak̚/ | /ʔᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔaX/ | /ʔaH/ | /ʔak̚/ | /ʔɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔaɨX/ | /ʔaɨH/ | /ʔaɨjk̚/ | /ʔəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔaX/ | /ʔaH/ | /ʔɐk̚/ | /ʔɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/aX/ | /aH/ | /ɐk̚/ | /æk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔaX/ | /ʔaH/ | /ʔɐk̚/ | /ʔæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yǎ | yà | e | e |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 啞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yǎ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔaeX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔˤraʔ/ |
| English | mute |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 啞 | 啞 | 啞 | 啞 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 14210 | 14216 | 14223 | 14224 |
| Phonetic component |
亞 | 亞 | 亞 | 亞 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 暮 | 鐸 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
啞 | 亞 | 啞 | 戹 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qraːʔ/ | /*qraːɡs/ | /*qraːɡ/ | /*qraːɡ/ |
| Notes | 見史記後亦作瘂 | 見淮南子後亦作呀 | ||
Definitions
啞
- mute (unable to speak)
See also
Japanese
Kanji
啞
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 唖)
- mute, dumb
- become hoarse
Readings
References
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- Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.