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Definition 2024
孔
孔
Translingual
Han character
孔 (radical 39 子+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓木山 (NDU), four-corner 12410, composition ⿰子乚)
References
- KangXi: page 277, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6933
- Dae Jaweon: page 544, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1008, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5B54
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
孔 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 孔
| ||
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Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (孔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
吼 | *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs |
孔 | *kʰloːŋʔ |
Bronze inscriptions: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 丿 (“opening”) + 子 (“child”) – opening in the skull of a newborn, i.e. fontanelle.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hung2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khûng
- Min Dong (BUC): kūng
- Min Nan (POJ): kháng / khóng
- Wu (Wiktionary): khon (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ
- Wade-Giles: k'ung3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koong
- IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇㄦ
- Wade-Giles: k'ungrh3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koongl
- IPA (key): /kʰʊ̃ɻ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hung2
- Yale: húng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung2
- IPA (key): /hʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khûng
- Hakka Romanization System: kung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: kung1
- IPA: /kʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kūng
- IPA (key): /kʰuŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kháng
- Tâi-lô: kháng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qarng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰaŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰaŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰaŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰaŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
- Tâi-lô: khóng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
- Note: kháng - vernacular; khóng - literary.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: khon (T2)
- IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
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Character | 孔 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 康董切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰuŋX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kʰuŋX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kʰuŋX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəwŋX/ |
Li Rong |
/kʰuŋX/ |
Wang Li |
/kʰuŋX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰuŋX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kǒng |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 孔 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kǒng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ khuwngX › |
Old Chinese |
/*[k]ʰˤoŋʔ/ |
English | (surname) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 孔 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 7489 |
Phonetic component |
孔 |
Rime group |
東 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
孔 |
Old Chinese |
/*kʰloːŋʔ/ |
Notes | 金文象就乳,與古候切從子殼聲字(說文乳也)同源 |
Definitions
孔
- hole; aperture; opening
- Classifier for cave dwellings, oil wells, etc.
- A surname.
- (specifically) Short for 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ, “Confucius”).
See also
- 窟窿 (kūlong)
Compounds
Derived terms from 孔
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Japanese
Kanji
孔
- cavity
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
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Korean
Hanja
孔 • (gong)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 공 (revised: gong, McCune-Reischauer: kong)
- Name (hangeul): 구멍()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
孔 (khổng, hỏng, hổng, khỏng, khủng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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