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Definition 2024
忍
忍
Translingual
Han character
忍 (radical 61 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 376, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
- Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2271, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5FCD
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
忍 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 忍
| |
|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 涊 | *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ |
| 紉 | *nɯn |
| 忍 | *njɯnʔ |
| 荵 | *njɯnʔ |
| 刃 | *njɯns |
| 認 | *njɯns, *njɯŋs |
| 仞 | *njɯns |
| 軔 | *njɯns |
| 韌 | *njɯns |
| 肕 | *njɯns |
| 牣 | *njɯns |
| 杒 | *njɯns |
| 訒 | *njɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jan5, jan2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiûn
- Min Nan (POJ): jím / lím / lún
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyin (T3); zen (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
- Wade-Giles: jên3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
- IPA (key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jan5, jan2
- Yale: yáhn, yán
- Cantonese Pinyin: jan5, jan2
- IPA (key): /jɐn¹³/, /jɐn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiûn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiun´
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun1
- IPA: /ɲi̯un²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jím / lím / lún
- Tâi-lô: jím / lím / lún
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiem, liem, luon
- IPA (Xiamen): /d͡ʑim⁵³/, /lim⁵³/, /lun⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /d͡ʑim⁵⁵⁴/, /lim⁵⁵⁴/, /lun⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑim⁵³/, /lim⁵³/, /lun⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /d͡ʑim⁵³/, /lim⁵³/, /lun⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /d͡ʑim⁴¹/, /lim⁴¹/, /lun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyin (T3); zen (T3)
- IPA (key): /ȵɪɲ²³/, /z̻əɲ²³/
- Note: 3nyin - colloquial; 3zen - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 忍 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐən²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ʐən²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin |
/in¹³/ /ʐən¹³/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʐẽ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐən⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʐẽ⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /ʐə̃⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nən⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /zən⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /zen⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐə̃⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐən²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐən²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəŋ⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zen¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵaŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /niʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵin²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐən⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /in⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵɨn²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiun⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐn³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /jɐn²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐn³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/lim⁵³/ /lun⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /yŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /neiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/zim⁵³/ /luŋ⁵³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/zin²¹³/ /zun²¹³/ /nun²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 忍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 而軫切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵiɪnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵinX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑjenX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵinX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiĕnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭĕnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rěn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 忍 | 忍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rěn | rěn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyinX › | ‹ nyinX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nə[n]ʔ/ | /*nə[n]ʔ/ |
| English | cruel | endure |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 忍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10828 |
| Phonetic component |
刃 |
| Rime group |
文 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
忍 |
| Old Chinese |
/*njɯnʔ/ |
Definitions
忍
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
忍
Readings
- Goon: にん (nin)
- Kan’on: じん (jin) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: しの (shino)
- Nanori: おし (oshi), しの (shino), しのぶ (shinobu), たう (tau), たふ (tafu)
Compounds
- 忍ばせる (shinobaseru)
- 忍ぶ (shinobu)
- 忍び逢い (shinobiai)
- 忍び足 (shinobiashi)
- 忍び入る (shinobiiru)
- 忍び難い (shinobigatai)
- 忍び込む (shinobikomu)
- 忍び声 (shinobigoe)
- 忍び泣き (shinobinaki)
- 忍び泣く (shinobinaku)
- 忍び音 (shinobine)
- 忍びやか (shinobiyaka)
- 忍び寄る (shinobiyoru)
- 忍び笑い (shinobiwarai)
- 忍苦 (ninku)
- 忍者 (ninja)
- 忍従 (ninjū)
- 忍術 (ninjutsu)
- 忍耐 (nintai)
- 忍耐強い (nintaizuyoi)
- 忍耐力 (nintairyoku)
- 忍法 (ninpō)
- 押忍 (osu)/押忍 (ossu)
- 恋い忍ぶ (koishinobu)
- 堪え忍ぶ (taeshinobu)
- 耐え忍ぶ (taeshinobu)
- 隠忍 (innin)
- 勘忍 (kannin)
- 堪忍 (kannin)
- 堪忍袋 (kanninbukuro)
- 堅忍 (kennin)
- 堅忍不抜 (kenninfubatsu)
- 残忍 (zannin)
Proper noun
忍 (hiragana しのぶ, romaji Shinobu)
- A male or female given name
- A surname.