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Definition 2025
由
由
Translingual
Han character
由 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田 (LW), four-corner 50600, composition ⿻十囗)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 757, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21724
- Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2524, character 2
- Unihan data for U+7531
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
由 |
---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
紬 | *l'ɯw |
怞 | *l'ɯw |
鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
菗 | *rlɯw |
宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
由 | *lɯw |
蚰 | *lɯw |
秞 | *lɯw |
邮 | *lɯw |
釉 | *lɯwɢs |
柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: yu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
- IPA (key): /i̯oʊ̯³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jau4
- Yale: yàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau4
- IPA (key): /jɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
- IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
- IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
- Tâi-lô: iû
- Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
- IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 由 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /iou³⁵/ |
Harbin | /iou²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /iou⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /iou⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /iou⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /iou⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /iou²⁴/ | |
Xining | /iɯ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /iəu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /iou⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /iɤu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /iəu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /iəu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /iəu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /iəɯ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /iɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /iəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /iəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /iəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiɤ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɤ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦiø²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jau³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iu⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /iu⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /iəu¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /iəɯ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /i⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu²¹/ |
Nanning | /jɐu²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jɐu²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iu³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieu⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /iu²¹/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /iu⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) | /ziu³¹/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 由 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 以周切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jɨu/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/jiu/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/iəu/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/juw/ |
Li Rong |
/iu/ |
Wang Li |
/jĭəu/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯ə̯u/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yóu |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 由 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yóu |
Middle Chinese |
‹ yuw › |
Old Chinese |
/*l[u]/ |
English | follow; from |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 由 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 15526 |
Phonetic component |
由 |
Rime group |
幽 |
Rime subdivision |
2 |
Corresponding MC rime |
猷 |
Old Chinese |
/*lɯw/ |
Definitions
由
References
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
- (Min Nan) “Entry #1856”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Compounds
Derived terms from 由
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Japanese
Kanji
由
Readings
- Goon: ゆ (yu)
- Kan’on: ゆう (yū), (historical) いう (iu)
- Kan’yōon: ゆい (yui)
- Kun: よし (yoshi), よる (由る, yoru), より (由り, yori)
Compounds
- 自由 (jiyū): freedom
- 自由度 (jiyūdo): flexibility
Korean
Hanja
由 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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