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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
(extended)
Simplified

Han character

(radical 118 +16, 22 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜月心 (HYBP), four-corner 88211, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 904, character 45
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26752
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1329, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3031, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7C60

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alt. forms

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ
*broːŋ
*rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ
*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ
*roːŋ
*roːŋ, *roŋs
*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ
*roːŋ
*roːŋ, *roːŋs
*roːŋ
*roːŋ, *roŋ
*roːŋ
*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ
*roːŋ
*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ
*roːŋ, *roŋ
*roːŋ
*roːŋʔ
*roːŋʔ
*roːŋʔ
*roːŋʔ, *roŋs
*b·roŋ, *mroːŋ
*roŋ, *roŋs
*roŋʔ
*roŋʔ
*roŋʔ
*r̥ʰoŋʔ
*kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /luŋ³⁵/
Harbin /luŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /luŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /luŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /luŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /luŋ²⁴/ 蒸~
/luŋ⁵³/ ~子
Xining /luə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lũn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /luŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /noŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /noŋ³¹/
Guiyang /noŋ²¹/
Kunming /loŋ/
Nanjing /loŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /luŋ¹³/
Hohhot /lũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /loŋ²³/
Suzhou /loŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /loŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /loŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /loŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /luŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /luŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /luŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /loŋ²¹/
Nanning /luŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /luŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lɔŋ³⁵/
/laŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /løyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /lɔŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /laŋ⁵⁵/
/leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /loŋ³³/
/laŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial () (37) (37) (37)
Final () (1) (7) (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division () I III I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/luŋ/ /lɨoŋ/ /luŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/luŋ/ /lioŋ/ /luŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/luŋ/ /lioŋ/ /luŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ləwŋ/ /luawŋ/ /ləwŋX/
Li
Rong
/luŋ/ /lioŋ/ /luŋX/
Wang
Li
/luŋ/ /lĭwoŋ/ /luŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/luŋ/ /li̯woŋ/ /luŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lóng lóng lǒng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lóng lǒng
Middle
Chinese
‹ luwng › ‹ luwngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.rˤoŋ/ /*k.rˤoŋʔ/
English cage, coop basket; cage

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 8412 8431 8439
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*roːŋ/ /*roːŋʔ/ /*roŋ/

Definitions

  1. cage; coop
  2. cage-like basket
  3. steamer

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
かご
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana かご, romaji kago)

  1. cage
  2. basket

Noun

(hiragana , romaji ko)

  1. basket
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 1, poem 1)
      毛与美母乳 [...]

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  • Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-240001-3, published 1999.

Korean

Hanja

(rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>, revised rong>nong, McCune-Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(lồng, lung, ruồng, luông, luồng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.