Korean

Verb

하다 • ‎(hada) ‎(infinitive 해 or 하여, sequential 하니)

• I. 「…을 하다」

1. to do
   • 하루 분의 일을 하다‎ ― haru bunui ireul hada ― to do a full day of work
2. to make; to arrange; to cook
   • 내일 먹을 밥을 미리 하다‎ ― naeil meogeul babeul miri hada ― to cook rice ahead for tomorrow
3. to express feeling or attitude
   • 어두운 얼굴을 하다‎ ― eoduun eolgureul hada ― to wear a gloomy face
4. to take; to eat; to drink
   • 술을 좀처럼 하지 않다‎ ― sureul jomcheoreom haji anta ― to rarely drink alcohol
5. to wear
   • 화려한 귀걸이를 하고 나가다‎ ― hwaryeohan gwigeorireul hago nagada ― to go out wearing a fancy earring
6. to work in/as; to operate
   • 조그만 옷가게를 하다‎ ― jogeuman otgagereul hada ― to run a small clothing store
7. to play a role; to take a responsibility for
   • 학생 회장을 하다‎ ― haksaeng hoejang-eul hada ― to be the student body president
8. to get a result
   • 반에서 일등을 하다‎ ― baneseo ildeung-eul hada ― to be at top of one's class
9. to buy; to arrange
   • 휴대폰을 하나 하다‎ ― hyudaeponeul hana hada ― to buy a cell phone
10. to reach a certain price
    • 집 한 채에 십 억이나 한다‎ ― jip han chaee sip eogina handa ― That house is as much as a billion won.
11. (in the form of '…값을 하다') to meet an expectation
    • 밥값은 해야지.‎

      Bapgapseun haeyaji.

      I will be worthy of food. (I will work.)

12. (in the form of 'A B 할 것 없이') to say separately
    • 어른 아이 할 것 없이 모두 들떠 있다.‎

      Eoreun ai hal geot eopsi modu deultteo itda.

      Everyone is excited regardless of age.

• II. 「…을 -게 하다」

1. to handle; to dispose
   • 이 사기범을 어떻게 할까요?‎

     I sagibeomeul eotteoke halkkayo?

     What to do with this swindler?

• III. 「…을 …으로 하다」

1. to make become; to cause to become
   • 여자를 아내로 하다‎ ― yeojareul anaero hada ― to make a woman become one's wife
2. to head; to face
   • 머리를 북쪽으로 하고 자다‎ ― meorireul bukjjogeuro hago jada ― to sleep with the head northward.
3. to decide
   • 내일 다시 만나기로 하다‎ ― naeil dasi mannagiro hada ― to decide to meet again tomorrow

• IV. 「…을 -고 하다」

1. to call; to name
   • 다른 말과 뜻이 같은 말을 '동의어'라고 한다.‎

     Dareun malgwa tteusi gateun mareul 'dong-uieo'rago handa.

     We call a word which means the same with another word a 'synonym'.

• V. 「…으로 하다」

1. (in the form of '해서' or '하여') to be caused by
   • 이 일로 하여 그는 중징계를 받았다.‎

     I illo hayeo geuneun jungjinggyereul badatda.

     Due to this incident, he got heavily disciplined.

2. (in the form of '해서' or '하여') to go via
   • 부산으로 해서 일본에 갈 생각이다.‎

     Busaneuro haeseo ilbone gal saenggagida.

     I'm going to visit Japan via Busan.

• VI.

1. (in the form of '…쯤 해서') to reach a certain time
   • 12시 반쯤 해서 갈게.‎

     12si banjjeum haeseo galge.

     I'll be there around 12:30.

2. (in the form of '… 하면') to make something a topic
   • 맥주 하면 역시 독일이다.‎

     Maekju hamyeon yeoksi dogirida.

     To say about beer, Germany is the best.

• VII. 「-고 하다」

1. to say, to talk
   • 잠깐 쉬자고 하다‎ ― jamkkan swijago hada ― to say "Let's take a rest a bit!"
2. (in the form of '하는', often '-고 하는' being shorten to '- 하는' or '-는') to be that
   • 잠깐 쉬자는 소리에 나는 그녀를 돌아봤다.‎

     Jamkkan swijaneun sorie naneun geunyeoreul dorabwatda.

     Hearing a voice saying "Let's take a rest a bit!", I looked back to her.

• VIII.

1. (after enumerating verbs) to do, actually not doing either of them well
   • 앉았다가 섰다가 하다‎ ― anjatdaga seotdaga hada ― to alternate between sitting down and standing up
2. (after an indirect question) to think
   • 그가 무얼 보는가 했더니 만화책이었다.‎

     Geuga mueol boneun-ga haetdeoni manhwachaegieotda.

     I wondered what he was reading to find it was a comic.

3. (in the form of '-니 -니 하다') to say
4. (in the form of '-다 하면') to do, emphasizing inevitability
   • 쐈다 하면 명중이다.‎

     Sswatda hamyeon myeongjung-ida.

     Every time he shoots, it hits the mark.

5. (after a word descripting sound) to sound
6. (after a quotation not followed by any marker) to say
   • 그는 "그만!" 하고 외쳤다.‎

     Geuneun "geuman!" hago oechyeotda.

     "Stop!", he yelled.

7. (in front of a sentence, in the form of '하나', '하니', '하면', '하여', ' 한데', and '해서') 'but', 'so', 'then', 'thus', 'by the way', and 'therefore' respectively.

Verb

1. (after verb or adjective, in the form of '-게 하다') to make sb/sth do
   • 아이에게 숙제를 하게 하다‎ ― aiege sukjereul hage hada ― to have a child do the homework
     • cf. 아이가 숙제를 한다.‎

       Aiga sukjereul handa.

       A child does the homework.

   • 그릇을 깨끗하게 하다‎ ― geureuseul kkaekkeuthage hada ― to make a dish clean
     • cf. 그릇이 깨끗하다.‎

       Geureusi kkaekkeuthada.

       A dish is clean.

2. (after verb or adjective, in the form of '-었으면 하다') to wish that
   • 나는 여름에 비가 덜 내렸으면 한다.‎

     Naneun yeoreume biga deol naeryeosseumyeon handa.

     I wish that it rained less in summer.

3. (after verb or adjective, in the form of '-어야 하다') to have to do
   • 모든 재료는 언제나 신선해야 한다.‎

     Modeun jaeryoneun eonjena sinseonhaeya handa.

     All ingredients should always be fresh.

   • 차를 수리받아야 합니다.‎

     Chareul suribadaya hamnida.

     I need to get my car repaired.

4. (after verb, in the form of '-으려(고) 하다' or '-고자 하다') to intend to
   • 이번 주말에는 영화를 보려고 한다.‎

     Ibeon jumareneun yeonghwareul boryeogo handa.

     I'm going to watch a movie this weekend.

5. (in the form of "verb stem + '-기' + semantic marker + ' 하다') to do, with an emphasis
   • 그는 자기만 한다.‎

     Geuneun jagiman handa.

     He only sleeps.

6. (after verb, in the form of '-고 하다') to do, as a cause
   • 눈도 오고 해서 일찍 왔다.‎

     Nundo ogo haeseo iljjik watda.

     'Cause it snows, so I came early.

7. (after verb, in the form of '-고는 하다' or '-곤 하다') used to do
   • 시골에 살 적에, 나는 도랑을 따라 걷곤 했다.‎

     Sigore sal jeoge, naneun dorang-eul ttara geotgon haetda.

     When I lived in countryside, I used to walk along a ditch.

8. (after adjective, in the form of '-어하다') to feel that sb/sth is
   • 그는 손녀를 몹시 귀여워했다.‎

     Geuneun sonnyeoreul mopsi gwiyeowohaetda.

     He loved his granddaughter very much.

Adjective

1. (in the form of "adjective stem + '-기' + semantic marker + ' 하다') to be, with an emphasis
2. (after adjective, in the form of '-고 하다') to be, as a cause

Usage notes

하다 (hada) is a productive suffix for creating verbs and adjectives from Korean nouns. E.g.:

• 말 (mal, “word/language”): 말하다 (malhada, “to talk”)
• 번역 (beonyeok, “translation”): 번역하다 (beonyeokhada, “to translate”)
• 사랑 (sarang, “love”): 사랑하다 (saranghada, “to love”)

Conjugation

Synonyms

• 행하다 (haenghada, “to do”)
• 삼다 (samda, “to make; to cause to become”)
• 마시다 (masida, “to take; to eat; to drink”)

Middle Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Hunmin jeongeum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1447, as 하다 (Yale: hata). Suspected to have same root with 크다 (keuda, “big”)

Adjective

1. many; big

   ᄆᆞᄎᆞᆷ내 제 ᄠᅳ들 시러 펴디 몯ᄒᆞᇙ 노미 하니라‎

   mochomnay ce ptutul sile pyedi mwotholq nwomi hanila.

   ...many of them in the end cannot state their concerns.

   ^[1]

1. ↑ Hunminjeongeum Eonhaebon