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Definition 2024
夫
夫
Translingual
Han character
夫 (radical 37 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030, composition ⿻二人)
See also
References
- KangXi: page 248, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
- Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 521, character 1
- Unihan data for U+592B
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
夫 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 夫
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (夫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 趺 | *pa |
| 肤 | *pa |
| 邞 | *pa |
| 鈇 | *pa |
| 衭 | *pa |
| 玞 | *pa |
| 夫 | *pa, *ba |
| 鳺 | *pa |
| 扶 | *pa, *ba |
| 妋 | *pa, *qu |
| 麩 | *pʰa |
| 蚨 | *ba |
| 芙 | *ba |
| 颫 | *ba |
| 枎 | *ba |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 大 (“man”) + 一 (“hairpin”) – a man with a hairpin in his hair.
In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male, father, third-person pronoun”). Cognate with Tibetan པ (pa, “masculine noun suffix”), Burmese ဖ (hpa., “masculine noun suffix”). Possibly related to 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “father”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
- Min Dong (BUC): hŭ
- Min Nan (POJ): hu
- Wu (Wiktionary): fu (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ
- Wade-Giles: fu1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fu
- IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu1
- IPA (key): /fuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
- Hakka Romanization System: fu´
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu1
- IPA: /fu²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭ
- IPA (key): /hu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
- Tâi-lô: hu
- Phofsit Daibuun: hw
- IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hu³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /hu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: fu (T1)
- IPA (key): /fv̩ʷ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 夫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 甫無切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pio/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/puə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/pio/ |
| Wang Li |
/pĭu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fū |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 夫 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pju › |
| Old Chinese |
/*p(r)a/ |
| English | man |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 夫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 3274 |
| Phonetic component |
夫 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
跗 |
| Old Chinese |
/*pa/ |
Definitions
夫
Compounds
Derived terms from 夫
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Etymology 2
“That”. Schuessler (2007) connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), Tibetan ཕ (pha, “beyond, farther on, onward”). Maybe related to 彼 (OC *pralʔ, “that”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: fu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
- IPA (key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fu4
- Yale: fùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu4
- IPA (key): /fuː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
- IPA (key): /hu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: vu (T3)
- IPA (key): /v̻v̩ʷ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 夫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 防無切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/bio/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/bio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/buə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/bio/ |
| Wang Li |
/bĭu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 夫 | 夫 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fú | fú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bju › | ‹ bju › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[b]a/ | /*ba/ |
| English | this, that | final particle |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 夫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 3281 |
| Phonetic component |
夫 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
扶 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ba/ |
Definitions
夫
- †A generic personal pronoun – he; she; it; they.
- †A generic demonstrative pronoun – this; that; these; those.
- †Sentence-initial particle which introduces a topic.
- †Sentence-final particle, meaning “Is it not?”.
- †Meaningless particle in the middle of a sentence.
Compounds
Derived terms from 夫
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|
Japanese
Kanji
夫
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- On: ふ (fu), ふう (fū), ぶ (bu) ぷ(pu)
- Kun: おっと (otto), それ (夫れ, sore)
- Nanori: お (o), と (to), ゆう (yū), よ (yo)
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夫 |
|
おっと Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
夫 (hiragana おっと, romaji otto, historical hiragana をつと)
- (humble) (one's own) husband
夫 (hiragana つま, romaji tsuma)
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
Korean
Hanja
夫 • (bu) (hangeul 부)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
夫 (phu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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