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Definition 2025

堇

堇

See also: 菫 and 暵

Translingual

Han character

堇 (radical 32 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿中手一 (TLQM), four-corner 44104, composition ⿳⿱廿中一土)

  1. yellow loam
  2. clay
  3. season
  4. few

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 232, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5212
  • Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 450, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5807

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 堇

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 堇 堇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (44) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) Chongniu III III
Fanqie 巨巾切 居隱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiɪn/ /kɨnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚin/ /kɨnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡien/ /kiənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjin/ /kɨnX/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjĕn/ /kiənX/
Wang
Li		 /ɡǐĕn/ /kĭənX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ĕn/ /ki̯ənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qín jǐn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堇 堇 堇
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐn jǐn qín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gin › ‹ kjɨnX › ‹ gin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]rə[r]/ /*kə[r]ʔ/ /*[ɡ]rə[r]/
English time, season (a kind of vegetable) clay

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堇 堇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6731 6746
Phonetic
component		 堇 堇
Rime
group		 文 文
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 𥎊 謹
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡrɯn/ /*kɯnʔ/
Notes 甲金文象人交手恭立爲覲初文，再加土爲堇墐

Definitions

堇

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Compounds

  • 堇堇
  • 捕蟲堇菜／捕虫堇菜

Japanese

Kanji

堇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

堇 • ‎(geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune-Reischauer kŭn)

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