Translingual

Han character

次 (radical 76 欠+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一弓人 (IMNO) or 一一弓人 (MMNO), four-corner 1718₂ or 3718₂, composition ⿰冫欠 or ⿰二欠)

Derived characters

• 盗 姿

References

• KangXi: page 565, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15992
• Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2133, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6B21

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 次
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 二 ‎(“lining things; 二 modified to resemble 冫”) + 欠 ‎(“man”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

次

1. order; sequence
2. next in sequence; second
3. inferior; substandard
4. Classifier for times, as in frequency.  ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

   上次  ―  shàngcì  ―  last time

   次數 / 次数  ―  cìshù  ―  number of times; frequency

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: し (shi)
• Kan’on: し (shi)
• Kan’yōon: じ (ji)
• Kun: つ.ぐ (tsu.gu), つぎ (tsugi), ついで (tsuide), す.く (su.ku), すき (suki),
• Nanori: き (ki), すき (suki), つぐ (tsugu), よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 目次 (もくじ) ‎(mokuji)

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 次 ‎(tshij^H, “in order; second”).

Less common reading in modern Japanese. Superseded in most cases by ji; see below.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Affix

次 ‎(hiragana し, romaji shi)

1. next, secondary
2. following

Usage notes

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

/si/ → /ʑi/ → /d͡ʑi/

Sound shift from shi above.^[1]

Pronunciation

• Kan'yōyomi
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑi]

Counter

次 ‎(hiragana じ, romaji -ji)

1. number of times: an ordinal marker

   第四 (だいよん)次 (じ)計画 (けいかく)

   daiyonji keikaku

   the fourth plan

2. number in a sequence, number of aspects or dimensions

   二 (に)次 (じ)方程式 (ほうていしき)、三 (さん)次 (じ)式 (しき)

   niji hōteishiki, sanji shiki

   a quadratic equation, a third order expression

Noun

次 ‎(hiragana じ, romaji ji)

1. (rare) order, sequence

Usage notes

Seldom found in isolation.

Prefix

次 ‎(hiragana じ, romaji ji-)

1. (attached to nouns) the next, secondary, vice-

   次 (じ)位 (い)、次 (じ)長 (ちょう)

   jii, jichō

   second rank, vice-director

2. (chemistry) hypo- (used to distinguish the oxidation levels of various acids)

   亜塩素酸 (あえんそさん)、次 (じ)亜塩素酸 (あえんそさん)、亜臭素酸 (あしゅうそさん)、次 (じ)亜臭素酸 (あしゅうそさん)

   aenso san, jiaenso san, ashūso san, jiashūso san

   chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, bromous acid, hypobromous acid

Etymology 3

Nominalization of the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次ぐ ‎(tsugu, “to be in a sequence; to follow, to continue from something, to be next; to connect, to join”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) つぎ​ [tsùgíꜜ] (Odaka - [2])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɯᵝɡ̃i]

Noun

次 ‎(hiragana つぎ, romaji tsugi)

1. next, order, sequence, below
   • From the Emacs tutorial (English)

     では C-v （次の画面を見る）をタイプして次の画面に進んで下さい。（さあ、やってみましょう。コントロールキーを押しながら v です）

     では C-v （つぎのがめんをみる）をたいぷしてつぎのがめんにすすんでください。（さあ、やってみましょう。コントロールキーを押しながら v です）

     De wa C-v (tsugi no gamen o miru) o taipu shite tsugi no gamen ni susunde kudasai. (Sā, yatte mimashō. Kontorōru kī o oshinagara v desu)

     Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. (Go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and v together)

Etymology 4

Nominalization of the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く ‎(suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).^[1]

The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.^[1]

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [sɯᵝkʲi]

Alternative forms

• 主基

Noun

次 ‎(hiragana すき, romaji suki)

1. (Shintō) at the 大嘗祭 ‎(Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering

Etymology 5

/tugite/ → /tuide/

Sound shift from 次第 ‎(tsugite, “order, sequence”), itself originally the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete Old Japanese-derived verb 継ぎつ ‎(tsugitsu, “to do things in sequence, to establish an order”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) ついで [tsùídé] (Heiban - [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɯᵝide̞]

Alternative forms

• 序, 序で, 第, 次いで, 尋いで, 次第, 嗣

Noun

次 ‎(hiragana ついで, romaji tsuide)

1. order, sequence
2. follower, successor; the next thing in a sequence
3. a good opportunity to do something; doing something incidental to something else

Usage notes

The good opportunity sense is more often encountered as 序 (つい)でに ‎(tsuide ni).

References

1. 1 2 3 4 5 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

次 • ‎(cha) (hangeul 차, McCune-Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Particle

次 (thứ, thớ, thắng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.