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Definition 2025
歉
歉
See also: 欠
Translingual
Han character
歉 (radical 76 欠+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿金弓人 (TCNO) or X廿金弓人 (XTCNO), four-corner 87282, composition ⿰兼欠)
- deficient, lacking, insufficient
- to apologize
- to regret
References
- KangXi: page 570, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16159
- Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 30
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2148, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6B49
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
歉 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 歉
|
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Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
譧 | *r'eːms |
賺 | *r'eːms |
尲 | *kreːm |
鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
廉 | *ɡ·rem |
鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
簾 | *ɡ·rem |
薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
縑 | *keːm |
鶼 | *keːm |
蒹 | *keːm |
搛 | *keːm |
謙 | *kʰeːm |
膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
傔 | *kʰeːms |
馦 | *qʰeːm |
嫌 | *ɡeːm |
鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
尷 | *kreːm |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: ch'ien4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hip3, him3
- Yale: hip, him
- Cantonese Pinyin: hip8, him3
- IPA (key): /hiːp̚³/, /hiːm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam4
- IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm / khiam
- Tâi-lô: khiàm / khiam
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiaxm, qiafm
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam²¹/, /kʰiam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹/, /kʰiam³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹/, /kʰiam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹/, /kʰiam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹/, /kʰiam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
Rime | |||
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Character | 歉 | 歉 | 歉 |
Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
Final (韻) | 添 (157) | 咸 (151) | 咸 (151) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
Division (等) | IV | II | II |
Fanqie | 苦簟切 | 苦減切 | 口陷切 |
Reconstructions | |||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰemX/ | /kʰˠɛmX/ | /kʰˠɛmH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kʰemX/ | /kʰᵚæmX/ | /kʰᵚæmH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɛmX/ | /kʰɐmX/ | /kʰɐmH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰɛmX/ | /kʰəɨmX/ | /kʰəɨmH/ |
Li Rong |
/kʰemX/ | /kʰɐmX/ | /kʰɐmH/ |
Wang Li |
/kʰiemX/ | /kʰɐmX/ | /kʰɐmH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰiemX/ | /kʰămX/ | /kʰămH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qiǎn | qiǎn | qiàn |
- Old Chinese▼
- (Baxter-Sagart): /*kʰˤremʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰreːms/, /*kʰreːmʔ/, /*kʰeːmʔ/, /*kʰeːms/
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
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Character | 歉 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qiàn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ khɛmH › |
Old Chinese |
/*kʰˤremʔ-s/ |
English | deficient, modest |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 歉 | 歉 | 歉 | 歉 |
Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
No. | 6033 | 6034 | 6071 | 6075 |
Phonetic component |
兼 | 兼 | 兼 | 兼 |
Rime group |
談 | 談 | 談 | 談 |
Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Corresponding MC rime |
歉 | 㦿 | 嗛 | |
Old Chinese |
/*kʰreːms/ | /*kʰreːmʔ/ | /*kʰeːmʔ/ | /*kʰeːms/ |
Notes | 校本右從攴 |
Definitions
歉
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Compounds
- 抱歉 (bàoqiàn)
Japanese
Kanji
歉
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune-Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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Vietnamese
Han character
歉 (gồm, khiểm)
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