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Definition 2024

辛

辛

See also: 幸 and 羍

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

辛 (radical 160 辛+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 00401, composition ⿱立十)

  1. Kangxi radical #160, ⾟ ‎(“bitter”).

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 1250, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4036, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8F9B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 辛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 辛
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *tshrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Pictogram (象形) – Picture of a tool used to mark slaves and criminals.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin ‎(“liver; heart; bile; bitter”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sin/
Li
Rong		 /siĕn/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辛 辛
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sin › ‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]i[n]/ /*si[n]/
English pungent; painful 8th heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
No. 13810
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 新
Old
Chinese		 /*siŋ/
Notes 甲文象黥刺刀具，𠞂（皮傷）初文

Definitions

辛

  1. spicy; hot; pungent
    辛辣  ―  xīnlà  ―  spicy
  2. hard; laborious; toilsome
    辛苦  ―  xīnkǔ  ―  laborious
  3. suffering; hardship; misery
    辛酸  ―  xīnsuān  ―  bitter
  4. The eighth of the ten heavenly stems.
  5. (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
  6. (organic chemistry) octa-
  7. A surname​.

Compounds

  • 不辭辛勞／不辞辛劳
  • 停辛佇苦／停辛伫苦
  • 備嘗辛苦／备尝辛苦
  • 千辛百苦
  • 千辛萬苦／千辛万苦 (qiānxīnwànkǔ)
  • 后辛
  • 含辛茹苦
  • 庚辛
  • 悲辛
  • 戴奧辛／戴奥辛
  • 歷盡艱辛／历尽艰辛 (lì jìn jiānxīn)
  • 白辛樹／白辛树
  • 祕辛
  • 辛安驛／辛安驿
  • 辛巴威 (Xīnbāwēi)
  • 辛巴達／辛巴达
  • 辛盤／辛盘
  • 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
  • 辛螫
  • 辛辛苦苦
  • 辛辛那提
  • 辛辣 (xīnlà)
  • 辛酸 (xīnsuān)
  • 酸辛
  • 高辛氏

Japanese

Kanji

辛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. spicy
  2. bitter
  3. hot
  4. acrid

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

辛 • ‎(sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune-Reischauer shin, sin, Yale sin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

辛 (tân, tăn, tơn, tăng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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