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Definition 2024

重-

重

See also: 垂

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

重 (radical 166 里+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十田土 (HJWG), four-corner 20104, composition ⿱千里)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1291, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40132
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3680, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91CD

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 重

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 重
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撞 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦 *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇 *rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
艟 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽 *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董 *toːŋʔ
蕫 *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽 *toːŋʔ
懂 *toːŋʔ
湩 *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童 *doːŋ
僮 *doːŋ
瞳 *doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝 *doːŋ
潼 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜 *doːŋ, *doŋ
動 *doːŋʔ
慟 *doːŋs
堹 *toŋs
諥 *toŋs
蹱 *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重 *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟 *doŋ, *doŋs
蝩 *doŋ
褈 *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘 *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾 *tjoŋ
籦 *tjoŋ
種 *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫 *tjoŋʔ
踵 *tjoŋʔ
歱 *tjoŋʔ
喠 *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅 *tjoŋs
衝 *tʰjoŋ
揰 *tʰjoŋs
尰 *djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs) : semantic 人 ‎(“man”) + phonetic 東 ‎(OC *toːŋ, “bag”) – a man carrying a bag. Also ideogrammic compound (會意) .

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 重
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直隴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨoŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖioŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡioŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖuawŋX/
Li
Rong		 /ȡioŋX/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭwoŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯woŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhòng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 重
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhòng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjowngX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-t<r>oŋʔ/
English heavy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 重
Reading # 2/3
No. 17462
Phonetic
component		 重
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 重
Old
Chinese		 /*doŋʔ/
Notes 東轉註字，金文從禾東從土，爲種（植）初文

Definitions

重

  1. heavy
    Antonyms: 輕／轻 (qīng)
  2. grave; serious; severe
  3. considerable (in amount)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 重
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 柱用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖuawŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ȡioŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhòng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 重
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhòng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjowngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/
English weight (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 重
Reading # 3/3
No. 17463
Phonetic
component		 重
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 重
Old
Chinese		 /*doŋs/

Definitions

重

  1. weight
  2. weighty; important
  3. grave; serious
  4. prudent
  5. to respect; to attach importance to

Pronunciation 3

Rime
Character 重
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖuawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ȡioŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chóng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 重
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chóng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m]-troŋ/
English repeat; double

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 重
Reading # 1/3
No. 17457
Phonetic
component		 重
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 重
Old
Chinese		 /*doŋ/

Definitions

重

  1. to repeat; to duplicate
  2. (Min Dong) to stack up; to pile up; to overlay
  3. again; once more
  4. Classifier for layers of an object.

Compounds

Japanese

Etymology 1

pe → ɸe → he.

Noun

重 ‎(hiragana へ, romaji he)

  1. a division
  2. something that divides two objects
Derived terms
  • 隔 (へだ)てる ‎(hedateru)
See also

Etymology 2

-pe → -ɸe → -we → -e. Cognate with 重 ‎(he, “division”). The divergent phonological development is due to the non-null environment caused by being suffixed to the previous morpheme.

Suffix

重 ‎(hiragana え, romaji -e, historical hiragana へ)

  1. the number of overlaps; fold, layer
Derived terms

Noun

重 ‎(hiragana おも, romaji omo)

  1. main, principal, important

Alternative forms

See also

  • 重な

Etymology 3

Prefix

重 ‎(hiragana じゅう, romaji jū-)

  1. heavy, weighty
  2. involving large-scale manufacture, heavy
  3. great in degree, heavy, serious, severe

Kanji

重

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings
Compounds

Korean

Hanja

重 • ‎(jung)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 중 (McCune-Reischauer: chung, Yale: cwung)
  • Name (hangeul): 무거울중 (Yale: mukewulcwung)
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Vietnamese

Han character

重 (trọng, chồng, chuộng, trộng, trụng, trùng, chõng, trửng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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