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Definition 2024
鏡
鏡
Translingual
Han character
鏡 (radical 167 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 80116, composition ⿰釒竟)
References
- KangXi: page 1320, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
- Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4250, character 10
- Unihan data for U+93E1
Chinese
trad. | 鏡 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 镜 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 鏡
| |
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Large seal script | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
滰 | *ɡaŋʔ |
境 | *kraŋʔ |
竟 | *kraŋs |
鏡 | *kraŋs |
獍 | *kraŋs |
樈 | *ɡraŋ |
璄 | *qraŋʔ |
摬 | *qraŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraŋs) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).
Etymology
Unknown. Various hypotheses exist:
- Derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p. c.);
- Cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Re-etymologisation of the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): geng3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiang
- Min Dong (BUC): giáng
- Min Nan (POJ): kiàⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: ching4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: geng3
- Yale: geng
- Cantonese Pinyin: geng3
- IPA (key): /kɛːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiang
- Hakka Romanization System: giang
- Hagfa Pinyim: giang4
- IPA: /ki̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giáng
- IPA (key): /kiɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kiànn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kviax
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiã²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiã⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiã¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jin (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕɪɲ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 鏡 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 居慶切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠiæŋH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚiaŋH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kiaŋH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kiajŋH/ |
Li Rong |
/kiɐŋH/ |
Wang Li |
/kĭɐŋH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ki̯ɐŋH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jìng |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 鏡 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jìng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ kjængH › |
Old Chinese |
/*C.qraŋʔ-s/ |
English | mirror |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 鏡 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 6870 |
Phonetic component |
竟 |
Rime group |
陽 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
敬 |
Old Chinese |
/*kraŋs/ |
Definitions
鏡
- mirror; reflecting glass
- to mirror; to reflect
- to perceive; to observe clearly
- to use for reference; to draw lessons from
- clear
- (physics) lens; -scope
- spectacles; glasses
- A surname.
See also
Compounds
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Descendants
Others:
- Vietnamese: gương
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: きょう (kyō)
- Kan’on: けい (kei)
- Kun: かがみ (kagami), かんがみる (kangamiru)
- Nanori: あき (aki), あきら (akira), かが (kaga), かがみ (kagami), かがん (kagan), かね (kane), とし (toshi), み (mi)
Compounds
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Etymology
Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, “shadow; outline; figure; image”, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with 目 me, “eye”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
鏡 (hiragana かがみ, romaji kagami)
- an instrument that reflects an image: a mirror
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468)
- 夜麻杼里乃 乎呂能波都乎尓 可賀美可家 刀奈布倍美許曽 奈尓与曽利鶏米
- やまとりの をろのはつをに かがみかけ となふべみこそ なによそりけめ
- yamatori no oro no hatsuo ni kagami kake tonau bemi koso na ni yosori kemu
- 夜麻杼里乃 乎呂能波都乎尓 可賀美可家 刀奈布倍美許曽 奈尓与曽利鶏米
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468)
- (Noh) the panel at the back of a Noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
- the barrelhead or lid of a saké barrel
- 昨日、鏡を抜いた。
- Kinō, kagami o nuita.
- They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.
- 昨日、鏡を抜いた。
Idioms
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Derived terms
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References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-240003-7, published 2002.
Korean
Hanja
鏡 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Okinawan
Kanji
鏡 (hiragana かがん, romaji kagan)
Etymology
Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”), itself derived as a compound of 影 (kaga, “shadow; outline; image”, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with 目 me, “eye”).
Noun
鏡 (hiragana かがん, romaji kagan)
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yonaguni
Kanji
鏡 (hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)
Etymology
Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”), itself derived as a compound of 影 (kaga, “shadow; outline; image”, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with 目 me, “eye”).
Noun
鏡 (hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)