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Definition 2025

監

監

See also: 监

Translingual

Shinjitai 監
Simplified 监
Traditional 監

Alternative forms

Note the difference in the upper right component between Chinese, where it resembles ケ (half of ⺮, 竹), and Japanese, where it is rather 匕.

Han character

監 (radical 108 皿+9 in Chinese, 皿+10 in Japanese, in Chinese 14 strokes, in Japanese 15 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈月廿 (SIBT) or 尸一月廿 (SMBT), four-corner 78107, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉丶皿)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 796, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23032
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2566, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+76E3

Chinese

trad. 監
simp. 监

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 臥 + 血. Note the replacements 人 → ケ/匕 and 血 → 皿.

Pronunciation 1

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 監
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/
/t͡ɕiɑŋ³⁵/ ～督
Hohhot /t͡ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ke⁵³/
Suzhou /ke̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /ka³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
/kɛ³¹/
Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kan⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kan⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kam⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kam⁵³/
Nanning /kam⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kam⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵⁵/
/kã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kaŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kam³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kam²³/ ～獄
/kam³⁵/ ～察
Rime
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 谷銜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠam/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚam/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kam/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨm/
Li
Rong		 /kam/
Wang
Li		 /kam/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kam/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæm ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤram/
English inspect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
No. 6103
Phonetic
component		 監
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːm/
Notes 鑑初文，象人俯視皿水察容（林義光陳獨秀說），非形聲字

Definitions

監

  1. to supervise; to oversee
  2. (historical) proctor; supervisor
  3. to control; to take charge; to direct
  4. (historical, of crown prince or senior statesman) to act for the monarch
  5. (historical) dukes or princes under an emperor
  6. † to imprison; to incarcerate
  7. prison; jail; gaol
  8. † to command; to lead

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 監
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 格懺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠamH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚamH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kamH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨmH/
Li
Rong		 /kamH/
Wang
Li		 /kamH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kamH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 監
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæmH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤram-s/
English mirror

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 監
Reading # 2/2
No. 6106
Phonetic
component		 監
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鑑
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːms/

Definitions

監

  1. † to reflect; to see
  2. †Alternative form of 鑒／鉴 (jiàn, “mirror”).
  3. † to use for reference; to draw lessons from
  4. (historical) supervisor; overseer
  5. (historical) imperial office
  6. (historical) eunuch

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

監

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. oversee
  2. bureaucrat
  3. government agency or office
  4. manage
  5. control or own

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

監 • ‎(gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

監 (giam, giám, giớm, giợm, róm, giấm, lổm, ram, rướm, xám)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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