Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

和 (radical 30 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹木口 (HDR), four-corner 2690₀, composition ⿰禾口)

Descendants

• わ
• ワ

References

• KangXi: page 185, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3490
• Dae Jaweon: page 404, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 602, character 1
• Unihan data for U+548C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls) : phonetic 禾 ‎(OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口. Ancient simplification of 龢 (OC *ɡoːl).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

和

1. peaceful; harmonious
   • 和平  ―  hépíng  ―  peace, peaceful
2. gentle; kind
3. warm; temperate
4. sum; total
   • 五加四的和是九。  ―  Wǔ jiā sì de hé shì jiǔ.  ―  The sum of 5 and 4 is 9.
5. to make peace; to become reconciled
6. (chess) to tie
7. (music) An ancient mouth organ similar to the sheng, but smaller; no longer used.
8. Japanese
   • 和服  ―  héfú  ―  kimono, Japanese traditional clothing
9. A surname​. He

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

和

1. and

   我和你  ―  wǒ hé nǐ  ―  me and you

   • 我想買些肉，魚，麵包和雞蛋。 [MSC, trad.]
     我想买些肉，鱼，面包和鸡蛋。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wǒ xiǎng mǎi xiē ròu, yú, miànbāo hé jīdàn. [Pinyin]

     I want to buy some meat, fish, bread, and eggs.

2. with
   • 他和流浪街頭的孩子交上了朋友。 [MSC, trad.]
     他和流浪街头的孩子交上了朋友。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā hé liúlàng jiētóu de háizǐ jiāo shàng le péngyǒu. [Pinyin]

     He has made friends with the kids on the street.

   • 他想和其他國家採取一致行動。 [MSC, trad.]
     他想和其他国家采取一致行动。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā xiǎng hé qítā guójiā cǎiqǔ yīzhì xíngdòng. [Pinyin]

     He wants to act in concert with other nations.

   • 和你的車比起來，我的車很小。 [MSC, trad.]
     和你的车比起来，我的车很小。 [MSC, simp.]

     Hé nǐ de chē bǐqǐ lái, wǒ de chē hěn xiǎo. [Pinyin]

     Compared with yours, my car is small.

   • 如果你把譯文和原文比較一下，你就會找到不準確的地方。 [MSC, trad.]
     如果你把译文和原文比较一下，你就会找到不准确的地方。 [MSC, simp.]

     Rúguǒ nǐ bǎ yìwén hé yuánwén bǐjiào yīxià, nǐ jiù huì zhǎodào bù zhǔnquè de dìfang. [Pinyin]

     If you compare the translation with the original, you will find the inaccuracy.

   • 意思和日語的「ダメ」類似。 [MSC, trad.]
     意思和日语的“ダメ”类似。 [MSC, simp.]

     Yìsī hé rìyǔ de "dame" lèisì. [Pinyin]

     The meaning is similar to the Japanese dame.

See also

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

和

1. ^† to make sounds in concert with; to echo

   附和  ―  fùhè  ―  to second, to echo

   唱和  ―  chànghè  ―  antiphon, sung reply

   應和 / 应和  ―  yìnghè  ―  to echo, to correspond

   酬和  ―  chóuhè  ―  to respond to a poem with a poem

Compounds

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

和

1. ^† to stir; to mix

   攪和 / 搅和  ―  jiǎohuo  ―  to stir, to mix

   和麵 / 和面  ―  huò miàn  ―  to knead dough

   混和  ―  hùnhuò  ―  mixture, amalgame

   揉和  ―  róuhuò/hé  ―  to knead

Compounds

Pronunciation 5

Definitions

和

1. ^† to have a winning hand (at mahjong etc)

   和牌  ―  húpái  ―  to win in mahjong

Compounds

Pronunciation 6

Definitions

和

1. ^†warm

   暖和  ―  nuǎnhuo  ―  warm

   溫和 / 温和  ―  wēnhuo  ―  warm, lukewarm

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: わ (wa)
• Kan’on: か (ka), (historical) くわ (kwa)
• Tōon: お (o)
• Kun: やわらぐ (和らぐ, yawaragu), なごむ (和む, nagomu), なごやか (和やか, nagoyaka)
• Nanori: かず (kazu)

Compounds

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 和 ‎(hwa, “harmonious”).

The “Japan” sense appears during the reign of Empress Genmei (707–715), as this character 和 was chosen as a homophone with a more favorable meaning to replace the previous character 倭 ‎(wa) then in use as the kanji name for Japan^[1] (see the etymology at 大和 (やまと) ‎(Yamato) for more details). The “Japan” sense was usually read with a kun'yomi of yamato, until some time in the Muromachi period, when the kan'on reading of Wa became more common.^[2]

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) わ​ [wáꜜ] (Atamadaka - [1])^[1][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠]

Noun

和 ‎(hiragana わ, romaji wa)

1. peace, harmony
2. (arithmetic) sum

See also

• 被加数 (ひかすう, ​hikasū); 加数 (かすう, ​kasū)

Proper noun

和 ‎(hiragana わ, romaji Wa)

1. Japan, Japanese, Nippo-

   和 (わ)露辞典 (ろじてん)

   Wa-Ro jiten

   Japanese-Russian dictionary

   和 (わ)食 (しょく)

   washoku

   Japanese-style food, Japanese cuisine

   和 (わ)室 (しつ)

   washitsu

   a Japanese-style room with tatami flooring and usually sliding doors

Usage notes

Often used as a prefix to form compounds, as in the usage examples above.

Etymology 2

Appears during the reign of Empress Genmei (707–715), as this character 和 was chosen as a homophone with a more favorable meaning to replace the previous character 倭 ‎(wa) then in use as the kanji name for Japan^[1] (see the etymology at 大和 (やまと) ‎(Yamato) for more details). The “Japan” sense was usually read with a kun'yomi of Yamato, until some time in the Muromachi period, when the kan'on reading of Wa became more common.^[2]

In modern Japanese, the Yamato reading is more commonly spelled 大和.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ja̠ma̠to̞]

Alternative forms

• 大和 (more common), 倭 (historical)

Proper noun

和 ‎(hiragana やまと, romaji Yamato)

1. 大和: Japan, Japanese

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

和 ‎(hiragana のどか, romaji Nodoka)

1. A male or female given name

References

1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
2. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

和 • ‎(hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune-Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

1. harmony, peace
2. get together

Noun

和 • ‎(hwa) ‎(hangeul 화)

1. A free reed mouth organ with 13 bamboo pipes used in ancient times

compounds

• 평화 ‎(pyeonghwa)(平和) peace
• 조화 ‎(johwa)(調和) harmony, balance
• 화해 ‎(hwahae)(和解) reconciliation
• 화목 ‎(hwamok)(和睦) harmoniousness
• 화합 ‎(hwahap)(和合) harmony, cohesion
• 공화국 ‎(gonghwaguk)(共和國) republic
• 중화인민공화국 ‎(junghwainmin-gonghwaguk)(中華人民共和國) = 중국 ‎(jungguk)(中國) China(People's republic of)
• 중화민국 ‎(junghwamin-guk)(中華民國) = 대만 ‎(daeman)(臺灣) Taiwan(China, republic of)
• 공화주의 ‎(gonghwajuui)(共和主義) republicanism
• 공화당 ‎(gonghwadang)(共和黨) republic party
• 유화 ‎(yuhwa)(柔和) gentle
• 친화 ‎(chinhwa)(親和) friendly
• 화음 ‎(hwa-eum)(和音) chord
• 포화 ‎(pohwa)(飽和) saturation
• 불화 ‎(bulhwa)(不和) disharmony

Vietnamese

Han character

和 (hoà, hoạ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: hoà, hoạ, huề, hùa

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999