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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 166 +2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十田土 (HJWG), four-corner 20104, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1291, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40132
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3680, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91CD

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
*rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
*rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
*tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
*toːŋʔ
*toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
*toːŋʔ
*toːŋʔ
*toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
*doːŋ
*doːŋ
*doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
*doːŋ
*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
*doːŋ, *doŋ
*doːŋʔ
*doːŋs
*toŋs
*toŋs
*tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
*doŋ, *doŋs
*doŋ
*doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
*tjoŋ
*tjoŋ
*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
*tjoŋʔ
*tjoŋʔ
*tjoŋʔ
*tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
*tjoŋs
*tʰjoŋ
*tʰjoŋs
*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs) : semantic  (man) + phonetic  (OC *toːŋ, bag) – a man carrying a bag. Also ideogrammic compound (會意) .

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (11)
Final () (7)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖɨoŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖioŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡioŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖuawŋX/
Li
Rong
/ȡioŋX/
Wang
Li
/ȡĭwoŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱi̯woŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhòng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhòng
Middle
Chinese
‹ drjowngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-t<r>oŋʔ/
English heavy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 17462
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*doŋʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. heavy
    Antonyms: (qīng)
  2. grave; serious; severe
  3. considerable (in amount)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (11)
Final () (7)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖuawŋH/
Li
Rong
/ȡioŋH/
Wang
Li
/ȡĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhòng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhòng
Middle
Chinese
‹ drjowngH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/
English weight (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 17463
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*doŋs/

Definitions

  1. weight
  2. weighty; important
  3. grave; serious
  4. prudent
  5. to respect; to attach importance to

Pronunciation 3



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (11)
Final () (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖuawŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȡioŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȡĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chóng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ drjowng ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m]-troŋ/
English repeat; double

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 17457
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*doŋ/

Definitions

  1. to repeat; to duplicate
  2. (Min Dong) to stack up; to pile up; to overlay
  3. again; once more
  4. Classifier for layers of an object.

Compounds


Japanese

Etymology 1

pe → ɸe → he.

Noun

(hiragana , romaji he)

  1. a division
  2. something that divides two objects
Derived terms
  •  (へだ)てる (hedateru)
See also

Etymology 2

-pe → -ɸe → -we → -e. Cognate with (he, division). The divergent phonological development is due to the non-null environment caused by being suffixed to the previous morpheme.

Suffix

(hiragana , romaji -e, historical hiragana )

  1. the number of overlaps; fold, layer
Derived terms

Noun

(hiragana おも, romaji omo)

  1. main, principal, important

Alternative forms

See also

  • 重な

Etymology 3

Prefix

(hiragana じゅう, romaji jū-)

  1. heavy, weighty
  2. involving large-scale manufacture, heavy
  3. great in degree, heavy, serious, severe

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings
Compounds

Korean

Hanja

(jung)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (McCune-Reischauer: chung, Yale: cwung)
  • Name (hangeul): 무거울 (Yale: mukewulcwung)
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Vietnamese

Han character

(trọng, chồng, chuộng, trộng, trụng, trùng, chõng, trửng)

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