Definify.com
Definition 2024
單
單
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Translingual
| Traditional | 單 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 単 |
| Simplified | 单 |
Han character
單 (radical 30 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 66506, composition ⿱吅⿻日十)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 200, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
- Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 654, character 6
- Unihan data for U+55AE
Chinese
| trad. | 單 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 单 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 單
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 嚲 | *taːlʔ |
| 癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
| 奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
| 驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
| 鼉 | *daːl |
| 磾 | *teːl |
| 鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
| 觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
| 單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
| 鄲 | *taːn |
| 殫 | *taːn |
| 簞 | *taːn |
| 匰 | *taːn |
| 襌 | *taːn |
| 啴 | *tʰaːn |
| 彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
| 貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
| 撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
| 潬 | *daːnʔ |
| 僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
| 憚 | *daːns |
| 樿 | *tjanʔ |
| 燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
| 戰 | *tjans |
| 闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 嘽 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 蟬 | *djan |
| 禪 | *djan, *djans |
| 嬋 | *djan |
| 墠 | *djanʔ |
| 鱓 | *djanʔ |
| 蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daan1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tân
- Min Dong (BUC): dăng
- Min Nan (POJ): toaⁿ / tan
- Wu (Wiktionary): te (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
- Wade-Giles: tan1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
- IPA (key): /ta̠n⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: daan1
- Yale: dāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: daan1
- IPA (key): /tɑːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tân
- Hakka Romanization System: dan´
- Hagfa Pinyim: dan1
- IPA: /tan²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dăng
- IPA (key): /taŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toaⁿ / tan
- Tâi-lô: tuann / tan
- Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaf, dafn
- IPA (Xiamen): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã³³/, /tan³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã⁴⁴/, /tan⁴⁴/
- Note: toaⁿ - vernacular; tan - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: te (T1)
- IPA (key): /tᴇ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 單 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tan⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /tan⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /tan²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /tã²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /tã²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tan²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /tã²¹/ | |
| Xining | /tã⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tan⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tɛ̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tan⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /tan⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /tan⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang |
/t͡san⁵⁵/ /san²¹³/ 姓 |
|
| Kunming | /tã̠⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /taŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /tæ̃²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tæ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /tɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /tæ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /te⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /te̞⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /tẽ̞³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ta³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tɛ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /tɔ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tan³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /tan³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tan⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tan⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /tɑn²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tan⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /tan⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tan⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/tan⁵⁵/ /tuã⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /taŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/tuiŋ⁵⁴/ 名 /tuiŋ²¹/ 形 |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /tuã³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/ʔdaŋ²³/ /ʔdua²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都寒切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tan/ |
| Li Rong |
/tɑn/ |
| Wang Li |
/tɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dān |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tan › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.tˤar/ |
| English | single, simple |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| No. | 1995 |
| Phonetic component |
單 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
單 |
| Old Chinese |
/*taːn/ |
Definitions
單
- single; individual; solitary
- thin; narrow; faint
- simple; uncomplicated
- (of clothes) unlined
- (mathematics) odd
- cover; bed sheet
- list; register; catalogue
- only; merely; simply
-
- 別的國度裏怎樣，我不知道。單知道諾威人Hamsun有一本小說叫《飢餓》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我並不見這一類話。 [MSC, trad.]
- 别的国度里怎样，我不知道。单知道诺威人Hamsun有一本小说叫《饥饿》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我并不见这一类话。 [MSC, simp.]
- From: 1925, 魯迅, 論「他媽的！」
- Bié de guódù lǐ zěnyàng, wǒ bù zhīdào. Dān zhīdào Nuòwēirén Hamsun yǒu yī běn xiǎoshuō jiào "Jī'è", cūyě de kǒuwěn shì hěnduō de, dàn wǒ bìngbù jiàn zhè yī lèi huà. [Pinyin]
- I don't know what it's like in other countries. I only know that a Norwegian [named] Hamsun has [written] a novel called Hunger [in which] vulgar speech is plenty, but I have by no means seen this kind of thing [referring to 他媽的].
-
- and; plus
- bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
- Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
- A surname.
See also
- (only): 只 (zhǐ)
Compounds
Derived terms from 單
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sin4
- Min Dong (BUC): sièng
- Min Nan (POJ): siân
- Wu (Wiktionary): zoe (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'an2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanr
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰa̠n³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sin4
- Yale: sìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin4
- IPA (key): /siːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sièng
- IPA (key): /sieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân
- Tâi-lô: siân
- Phofsit Daibuun: sieen
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zoe (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻ø²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 市連切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑian/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiɛn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chán |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*dar/ (< *[d]ar) |
| English | 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 單 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| No. | 2027 |
| Phonetic component |
單 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
鋋 |
| Old Chinese |
/*djan/ |
Definitions
單
Compounds
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: shan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shann
- IPA (key): /ʂa̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sin6
- Yale: sihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin6
- IPA (key): /siːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siêng
- IPA (key): /siɛŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siān
- Tâi-lô: Siān
- Phofsit Daibuun: sien
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɛn⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɛn²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 單 | 單 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 常演切 | 時戰切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ | /d͡ʑiᴇnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɛnX/ | /d͡ʑiɛnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjænX/ | /d͡ʑjænH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑianX/ | /d͡ʑianH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiɛnX/ | /ʑiɛnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭɛnX/ | /ʑĭɛnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ɛnX/ | /ʑi̯ɛnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shàn | shàn |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 單 | 單 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 2035 | 2037 |
| Phonetic component |
單 | 單 |
| Rime group |
元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
善 | 繕 |
| Old Chinese |
/*djanʔ/ | /*djans/ |
Definitions
單
- (～縣) Shan County (county in Shandong)
- A surname.
Japanese
Kanji
單
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 単)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
單 • (dan, seon) (hangeul 단, 선, revised dan, seon, McCune-Reischauer tan, sŏn, Yale tan, sen)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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