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Definition 2024

氏

氏

See also: 氐

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

氏 (radical 83 氏+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹女心 (HVP), four-corner 72740)

  1. Kangxi radical #83, ⽒ ‎(“clan”).
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №449

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 597, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17026
  • Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2130, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C0F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 氏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氏
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (氏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氏 *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ
衹 *kje, *ɡe
紙 *kjeʔ
帋 *kjeʔ
扺 *kjeʔ
坁 *kjeʔ
汦 *kjeʔ, *tjil
忯 *ɡje, *ɡe
眂 *ɡje, *ɡils
舐 *ɦljeʔ
芪 *ɡe
祇 *ɡe
疧 *ɡe
軝 *ɡe
蚔 *ɡe

Pictogram (象形) – a man bowing over to the left. Significantly abstracted – the middle cross was initially the knee, the stroke at bottom left was the bowed head, and the top was the back-swept hands or clothes.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 氏
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 承紙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑiə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /ʑieX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 氏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyeX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.deʔ/
English clan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氏
Reading # 3/3
No. 11523
Phonetic
component		 氏
Rime
group		 支
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 是
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡjeʔ/
Notes 甲金文象人俯伏手臂下據着地（右下菱形象封土，指胙土命氏，金文省爲圓點），以表對氏族份地的禮敬，後轉註爲坁祇，非乁聲

Definitions

氏

  1. clan; family
  2. surname; person with the surname of ...; Mr.
  3. (historical) née; born as; maiden name
Usage notes
  • The third meaning has become largely obsolete, as current Chinese practice is for married women to continue to use their former surnames. The practice of sometimes adopting the husband's surname is being revived, however. 氏 follows the maiden name, which follows the married name — 張氏 (née Zhang), 李張氏 (Li née Zhang), or 配張氏 (“married to a lady of the Zhang clan”).
See also

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 氏
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章移切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ciə̆/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhī
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氏
Reading # 2/3
No. 11515
Phonetic
component		 氏
Rime
group		 支
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 支
Old
Chinese		 /*kje/
Notes 月氏

Definitions

氏

  1. †Only used in 月氏 (yuèzhī, “Yuezhi”).
  2. †Only used in 閼氏／阏氏 (“wife of a Xiongnu chief”).

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 氏
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子盈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋ/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氏
Reading # 1/3
No. 11513
Phonetic
component		 氏
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精
Old
Chinese		 /*skeŋ/
Notes 漢縣

Definitions

氏

  1. †Only used in 狋氏 (“name of an ancient county”).

Japanese

Kanji

氏

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Noun

氏 ‎(hiragana し, romaji shi)

  1. a family; a clan
  2. Mr.; Mrs.
  3. a certain person

氏 ‎(hiragana うじ, romaji uji)

  1. a family name
  2. birth; lineage

Korean

Hanja

氏 • ‎(ssi, ji) (hangeul 씨, 지, revised ssi, ji, McCune-Reischauer ssi, chi, Yale ssi, ci)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

氏 (thị)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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