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Definition 2024

守

守

Translingual

Han character

守 (radical 40 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十木戈 (JDI), four-corner 30342, composition ⿱宀寸)

References

  • KangXi: page 282, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7071
  • Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 912, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5B88

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 守

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 守
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (守) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
守 *qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus
狩 *qʰljus

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 守 守
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 書九切 舒救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨuX/ /ɕɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiuX/ /ɕiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiəuX/ /ɕiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕuwX/ /ɕuwH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiuX/ /ɕiuH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭəuX/ /ɕĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ə̯uX/ /ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shǒu shòu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 守 守
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shǒu shòu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syuwX › ‹ syuwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-tuʔ/ /*s.tuʔ-s/
English keep, guard territory in somebody"s guard, fief

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 守 守
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11666 11668
Phonetic
component		 守 守
Rime
group		 幽 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 首 狩
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰljuʔ/ /*qʰljus/
Notes 從宀從寸象掌守護家業之事，或許肘亦聲

Definitions

守

  1. to defend; to protect; to guard; to conserve

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

守

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. protect, defend, watch over

Synonyms

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
守
もり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る ‎(moru, “to protect, to watch over”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana もり, romaji mori)

  1. a watchman, a keeper (as of a lighthouse), a caretaker
  2. a nursemaid, a babysitter

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
守
まもる
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From verb 守る ‎(mamoru, “to protect”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

守 ‎(hiragana まもる, romaji Mamoru)

  1. A male given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
守
まもり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る ‎(mamoru, “to protect”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana まもり, romaji mamori)

  1. standing watch, standing guard
  2. a watchman, a guard (especially at a castle or fort)
  3. divine protection from misfortune
  4. a god or spirit providing such protection
  5. a ward, charm, talisman, or other item providing divine protection
  6. short for 守り刀, 守刀 ‎(mamorigatana, “protection sword”, sword always kept at one's side for personal protection)
  7. a seal or coat of arms using a 守り札 ‎(mamorifuda, “charm tag”), 守り袋 ‎(mamoribukuro, “charm bag”), or similar charm for the design
Synonyms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
守
まぼり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alteration of mamori.

Pronunciation

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana まぼり, romaji Mabori)

  1. see mamori above

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
守
まぶり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alteration of mabori.

Pronunciation

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana まぶり, romaji Maburi)

  1. see mamori above

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
守
しゅ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana しゅ, romaji shu)

  1. (archaic) used when listing an official's titles when there are two or more (compare English cum)
  2. short for 守護 ‎(shugo, “protection, protector”)
  3. (archaic) short for 国守 ‎(kokushu, “head administrator of a kuni in the old Ritsuryō system”)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
守
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From the sense of being above in rank and status. Essentially of the same meaning as 上 ‎(kami, “above”), but spelled 守 to convey a sense of “watching” or “overseeing”. This spelling is an example of jukujikun or ateji used for the meaning.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana かみ, romaji kami)

  1. (archaic) under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the highest of the four ranks of civil servant staff, and general term for head administrators of government departments
  2. (archaic) in the first year of the new Meiji era government established in 1868, the title of the seven heads of all government bureaus except the 総裁局 ‎(Sōsai Kyoku, “Bureau of the President”), whose head was titled 総裁 ‎(Sōsai, “president” or “director general”)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
守
こう
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alteration of kami.

/kami/ → /kamu/ → /kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

Pronunciation

Noun

守 ‎(hiragana こう, romaji kō, historical hiragana かう)

  1. (obsolete) see kami above; used in obsolete titles
Derived terms

The following are all titles in the old Ritsuryō system.

  • 守 (こう)の君 (きみ) ‎(kō no kimi)
  • 守 (こう)の殿 (との) ‎(kō no tono)
  • 守 (こう)の主 (ぬし) ‎(kō no nushi)

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

守 • ‎(su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune-Reischauer su)

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Vietnamese

Han character

守 (thú, thủ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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