Breton

Proper noun

Du m

1. November

See also

• (month): Previous: Here. Next: Kerzu

Cornish

Proper noun

Du m

1. November

See also

• (month): Previous: Hedra. Next: Kevardhu

German

Pronoun

Du

1. Alternative letter-case form of du (you (singular)) (especially when used as a direct address in letters)
   • Weihegebet an das heiligſte Herz Jeſu:

     Sei Du, o Herr, König nicht nur der Gläubigen, die nie von Dir gewichen sind, sondern auch der verlorenen Söhne, die Dich verlassen haben.

Usage notes

• As of 1996 and 2004, the forms Du, Dein etc. were deprecated by the German official spelling rules;^[1][2] as of 2006 and 2011, they are permitted (as variants of du, dein etc.) only in letters.^[3][4]

Inflection

¹Often capitalized, especially in letters

Noun

Du n

1. literally: the thou, the you (singular)
   • jemandem das Du anbieten

     literally: to offer somebody the thou; means: to offer somebody to address each other with the pronoun du/Du

References

1. ↑ Deutsche Rechtschreibung – Regeln und Wörterverzeichnis – Amtliche Regelung, 1996, p. 68, §66
2. ↑ Deutsche Rechtschreibung – Regeln und Wörterverzeichnis – Amtliche Regelung – Überarbeitete Fassung 2004, 2004, p. 68, §66
3. ↑ Deutsche Rechtschreibung – Regeln und Wörterverzeichnis – Entsprechend den Empfehlungen des Rats für deutsche Rechtschreibung – Überarbeitete Fassung des amtlichen Regelwerks 2004 – München und Mannheim - Februar 2006, 2006, p. 72, §66E
4. ↑ Deutsche Rechtschreibung – Regeln und Wörterverzeichnis – Entsprechend den Empfehlungen des Rats für deutsche Rechtschreibung – Überarbeitete Fassung des amtlichen Regelwerks 2004 mit den Nachträgen aus dem Bericht 2010 – München und Mannheim - Februar 2006, 2011, p. 72, §66E

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• Edu
• Dudu

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -u

Proper noun

Du m

1. A diminutive of the male given name Eduardo

Alemannic German

Pronoun

du

1. thou, you

Declension

Amanab

Noun

du

1. a kind of bird

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdyː/

Adjective

du

1. black
2. swollen
3. starved

Noun

du m

1. black

Mutation

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [dyː]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [diˑʊ]

Adjective

du

1. black

Mutation

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Danish thu, from Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ ‎(“you”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/, [d̥u]

Pronoun

du ‎(objective dig)

1. (personal) thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)

See also

Etymology 2

From Old Danish dughæ, from Old Norse duga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duː/, [d̥uːˀ]

Verb

du ‎(imperative du, present dur or duer, past duede, past participle duet)

1. be good
2. be fit

Dena'ina

Particle

du

1. interrogative particle (placed at the end of the sentence to make a question)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch du, from Old Dutch thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

du

1. (obsolete or dialectal) Second-person singular, subjective; thou.

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Swedish du.

Pronoun

du

1. you (singular), thou

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin duo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/

Numeral

du

1. (cardinal) two (2)

Derived terms

• duo

French

Etymology

From Old French del.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dy/
• (Quebec) IPA^(key): /dz(y)/
• Homophones: dû, due, dues, dus, dûs

Contraction

du

1. Contraction of de + le. (of the)
2. Contraction of de + le.; forms the partitive article

Usage notes

• The partitive article signifies "some", but it often is not translated in English, Dutch, or German.

German

Alternative forms

• Du

Etymology

From Old High German du (akin to Old Saxon thu and English thou), itself from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• (standard, generally) IPA^(key): /duː/
• (standard, after the verb ending -st) IPA^(key): /uː/

• Rhymes: -uː

• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /də/
• In colloquial speech in Germany, the /d/ can assimilate to a preceding coronal when the word is unstressed.

Pronoun

du

1. thou, you (singular familiar)

Usage notes

• As a simplified rule one can say that du is used among friends, relatives, and young people up to 25~30 years. Du is always used to address children up to 14~16 years, as well as gods, animals, and other creatures.
• Usage also depends a lot on the setting in which people meet: two unacquainted, middle-aged persons are quite likely to use du when they meet, for example, in a pub, but much less so when they meet in the street.
• Native English-speakers often use Sie too much. It is nevertheless advisable to use Sie in any case of doubt, because it may be rude to use du when the dialogue partner expects Sie.

Inflection

¹Often capitalized, especially in letters

In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even there. They may be used

• for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Er erbarmte sich deiner. – "He had mercy on you". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
• after the preposition statt ("instead of, in place of"): Ich kam statt deiner in die Mannschaft. – "I joined the team in your place." (This may sound antiquated, for which reason an deiner Statt or an deiner Stelle can be used. Nota bene: deiner here is not a genitive, but a possessive pronoun!)

Derived terms

• duzen
• Du n

Gothic

Romanization

du

1. Romanization of 𐌳𐌿

Hunsrik

Etymology

From Old High German du (akin to Old Saxon thu and English thou), itself from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuː/,/tə/

Pronoun

du

1. thou, you

Inflection

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto du, from French deux, Spanish dos, Italian due, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Numeral

du

1. (cardinal) two (2)

Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *duu̯a (compare Persian دو ‎(do), Pashto دوه ‎(dwa), Avestan 𐬛𐬬𐬀 ‎(dva)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian (compare Sanskrit द्व ‎(dvá), Marathi दोन ‎(don), Hindi दो ‎(do)/Urdu دو ‎(do), Punjabi ਦੋ ‎(dō)), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (compare Russian два ‎(dva), Lithuanian du, Greek δύο ‎(dýo), Spanish dos, English two).

Numeral

du

1. (cardinal) two (2)

Ligurian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/

Contraction

du

1. contraction of de + u (of the).
2. contraction of de + u, forms the partitive article.

Usage notes

• The partitive article signifies "some", but it often is not translated in English, Dutch, or German.

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *duwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Latvian divi. Cognate to Latin duo.

Numeral

du m ‎(feminine dvi)

1. (cardinal) two (2)

Declension

Lojban

Etymology

Derived from dunli.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdu/

Cmavo

du ‎(rafsi dub or du'o)

1. (identity selbri) x₁ equals x₂, x₃, x₄, ...

   li pa su'i vo du li mu‎

   one plus four equals five

See also

• dunli

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьdǫ ‎(first-person singular) and *jьdǫtь ‎(third-person plural), inflected forms of *jьti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/

Verb

du

1. first-person singular present of hyś
2. third-person plural present of hyś

Synonyms

• (first-person singular): źom

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þū.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duː/

Pronoun

du

1. second-person singular, nominative: thou

   Wéi al bass du?‎ ― How old art thou?

Declension

Mandarin

Romanization

du

1. Nonstandard spelling of dū.
2. Nonstandard spelling of dú.
3. Nonstandard spelling of dǔ.
4. Nonstandard spelling of dù.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dyː/, /dy/
• (Limburg) IPA^(key): /duː/, /du/

Pronoun

du

1. thou, you (singular, informal)

Declension

Usage notes

This pronoun began to be replaced by gi in formal address during the Middle Dutch period, and eventually fell out of use altogether.

Synonyms

• gi

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duː/

Etymology

From Old Saxon thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.

Pronoun

dû

1. thou, you (second person singular nominative)

Declension

Descendants

• du

Norman

Etymology

From Latin dux, ducem.

Noun

du m

1. duke

Related terms

• duchie

North Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dōną. Cognates include Mooring North Frisian düünj and West Frisian dwaan.

Verb

du

1. (Föhr-Amrum) to do
2. (Föhr-Amrum) to give

Conjugation

Northern Sami

Pronoun

du

1. accusative and genitive of don

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʉː/

Pronoun

du ‎(objective case deg)

1. thou, you (second person, singular)

References

• “du” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

See also

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʉː/ (example of pronunciation)

Pronoun

du ‎(objective case deg)

1. thou, you (second person, singular)

References

• “du” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

See also

Novial

Numeral

du

1. (cardinal) two

Old French

Alternative forms

• del

Contraction

du

1. contraction of de + le (of the)

Old High German

one drawing of the inscription on the Bülach fibula

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þū, whence also Old English þu, Old Norse þú, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Perhaps the earliest attestation of the pronoun is the inscription on the Bülach fibula, which may show ᛞᚢ ‎(du) already differentiated from other Germanic languages’ þu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/

Pronoun

du

1. thou, you (second-person singular pronoun)
   • 3rd-6th century, inscription on the Bülach fibula:

     ᚠᚱᛁᚠᚱᛁᛞᛁᛚ / ᛞᚢ / ...

     frifridil / du / […]

     Frifridil, you / […]

Descendants

• German: du

See also

• fridil ‎(“a pet name for a male lover”)

References

• Heinz Klingenberg, Runenfibel von Bülach, Kanton Zürich. Liebesinschrift aus alemannischer Frühzeit, in the Alemannisches Jahrbuch (1973/75), page 308
• Heinz Klingenberg, Die Runeninschrift aus Bülach, in Helvetia archaeologica, volume 7 (1976), pages 116–121
• Stephan Opitz, Südgermanische Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark aus der Merowingerzeit (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1977)

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [du]

Verb

du

1. second-person singular imperative form of duce.

   Du-te acasă.‎

   Go home.

Swedish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Swedish þū, from Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʉː/, [d̪ʉː]
• Rhymes: -ʉː

Pronoun

du

1. (personal) you (familiar sg.).
2. (personal) thou.

Usage notes

While du is the traditionally familiar mode of address, it is since the early '70s the standard in almost all circumstances, possibly capitalized in formal communications. This was the result of the so-called du-reformen.

Recently, use of the second-person plural pronoun ni as a less familiar (and thus more formal) pronoun has appeared to some extent, but mainly amongst shopkeepers towards the customers.

The same pronoun ni has also been used historically as a formal way of address, but its use has (in particular in Sweden, not so much in Swedish-speaking parts of Finland) been restricted to addressing people of lower social status, whereby a plethora of different constructions were employed as to avoid the issue of pronouns whatsoever. See also the article about T-V distinction in Wikipedia.

Declension

Venetian

Etymology

Compare Italian due

Numeral

du m

1. two

Synonyms

• dó

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遊/游

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [z̻u˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [jʊw˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [jʊw˧˥]

Verb

du

1. walk

Derived terms

• du khách
• du lịch

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɨː/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /diː/

Adjective

du ‎(feminine singular du, plural duon, equative dued, comparative duach, superlative duaf)

1. black

   Mae ganddo fo fwstash du.‎

   He has a black mustache

See also

Mutation