Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

Note that the box in the upper part of 咼 differs in simplified Chinese – in simplified Chinese fonts it is on the left, while in Japanese and traditional Chinese it is on the right.

Han character

過 (radical 162 辵+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜月月口 (YBBR), four-corner 3730₂, composition ⿺辶咼)

References

• KangXi: page 1261, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39002
• Dae Jaweon: page 1753, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3849, character 8
• Unihan data for U+904E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloːl, *kloːls) : semantic 辵 ‎(“walk”) + phonetic 咼 ‎(OC *kʰʷroːl).

Pronunciation

Definitions

過

1. to cross; to pass; to go across; to pass through
   • 坐這艘船過河很安全。 [MSC, trad.]
     坐这艘船过河很安全。 [MSC, simp.]

     Zuò zhè sōu chuán guò hé hěn ānquán. [Pinyin]

     It is safe to cross the river in this boat.

   • 請您趕快過安檢，現在已經登機了。 [MSC, trad.]
     请您赶快过安检，现在已经登机了。 [MSC, simp.]

     Qǐng nín gǎnkuài guò ānjiǎn, xiànzài yǐjīng dēngjī le. [Pinyin]

     Please hurry up to pass the security check, it's already boarding time.

   • 過了百貨公司便向右拐。 [MSC, trad.]
     过了百货公司便向右拐。 [MSC, simp.]

     Guò le bǎihuò gōngsī biàn xiàng yòu guǎi. [Pinyin]

     Turn to the right after passing the department store.

2. (of time) to pass by; to pass
   • 時間過得很快。 / 时间过得很快。  ―  Shíjiān guò de hěn kuài.  ―  Time flies quickly.
   • 過了許多年我們才偶然相逢。 [MSC, trad.]
     过了许多年我们才偶然相逢。 [MSC, simp.]

     Guò le xǔduō nián wǒmen cái ǒurán xiāngféng. [Pinyin]

     Many years were to pass before we crossed our paths again.

3. to spend time; to live
   • 貧困迫使她過艱苦的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
     贫困迫使她过艰苦的生活。 [MSC, simp.]

     Pínkùn pòshǐ tā guò jiānkǔ de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]

     Poverty obliged her to live a hard life.

4. to go over; to look at carefully; to go through
   • 我們把這篇稿子再過一遍。 [MSC, trad.]
     我们把这篇稿子再过一遍。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wǒmen bǎ zhè piān gǎozi zài guò yībiàn. [Pinyin]

     Let's go over the draft once again.

5. to exceed; to surpass; to be over
6. to pass an exam
7. verbal complement
   1. indicating passing by; over; by
   2. indicating a change in direction; over; away
   3. indicating an excess in degree or amount; past; through; by
   4. indicating superiority; better than
   5. indicating completion or that an action has occurred already; ever; already
      • 你去過中國嗎？ / 你去过中国吗？  ―  Nǐ qù guò Zhōngguó ma?  ―  Have you (ever) been to China?
      • 你有冇去過香港啊？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
        你有冇去过香港啊？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]

        Nei⁵ jau⁵ mou⁵ heoi³gwo³ hoeng¹ gong² aa³? [Jyutping]

        Have you ever been to Hong Kong?

      • 你見過我個女朋友未呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
        你见过我个女朋友未呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]

        Nei⁵ gin³gwo³ ngo⁵ go³ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵ mei⁶ aa³? [Jyutping]

        Have you seen my girlfriend yet?

8. adjectival complement
   1. (chiefly Cantonese) indicating an excess in degree or amount; more ... than
      • 佢高過我。 / 佢高过我。 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  Keoi⁵ gou¹gwo³ ngo⁵. [Jyutping]  ―  He/she is taller than me.
      • 佢梗係叻過我啦。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
        佢梗系叻过我啦。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]

        Keoi⁵ gang² hai⁶ lek¹gwo³ ngo⁵ laa¹. [Jyutping]

        He/she is definitely smarter than me.

   2. indicating that the state has existed in the past
9. too; excessively
   • 他們抱怨工資過低。 [MSC, trad.]
     他们抱怨工资过低。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tāmen bàoyuàn gōngzī guò dī. [Pinyin]

     They complained that the wages were too low.

10. fault; blemish; mistake
11. A surname​.

Usage notes

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• Hmong-Mien: *KʷajH ‎(“to cross”)
  • White Hmong: dhau
• Tai: *kwaːᴮ ‎(“to cross over”)
  • Lao: ກວ່າ ‎(kuā, “than; more than”)
  • Thai: กว่า ‎(gwàa, “than; more than; over”)

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. mistake
2. excess, too much

Readings

• Goon: か (ka), (historical) くわ (kwa)
• Kan’on: か (ka), (historical) くわ (kwa)
• Kun: あやまつ (過つ, ayamatsu), あやまち (ayamachi), すぐ (過ぐ, sugu), すぐす (過ぐす, sugusu), すぐる (過ぐる, suguru), すぎる (過ぎる, sugiru), すぎ (sugi), すごす (過ごす, 過す, sugosu), よぎる (過ぎる, 過る, yogiru)

Korean

Hanja

過 • ‎(gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune-Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

過 (quá, goá, quớ, qua, quở)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.