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Definition 2024

緊

緊

See also: 紧

Translingual

Han character

緊 (radical 120 糸+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 尸水女戈火 (SEVIF), four-corner 77903, composition ⿱臤糸)

References

  • KangXi: page 929, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1367, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3410, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7DCA

Chinese

trad. 緊
simp. 紧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kinʔ) : phonetic 臤 ‎(OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居忍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kinX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kinX/
Li
Rong		 /kiĕnX/
Wang
Li		 /kĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjinX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qi[n]ʔ/ (I! no palatalization)
English tight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
No. 1346
Phonetic
component		 臣
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 緊
Old
Chinese		 /*kinʔ/

Definitions

緊

  1. tense, tight, taut; tightly
    褲子太緊了。 / 裤子太紧了。  ―  Kùzi tài jǐn le.  ―  These pants are too tight.
    把瓶口塞緊。 / 把瓶口塞紧。  ―  Bǎ píngkǒu sāi jǐn.  ―  Stopper the bottle tightly.
  2. firm, secure
  3. to tighten
    緊一緊腰帶 / 紧一紧腰带  ―  jǐn yī jǐn yāodài  ―  to tighten the belt a little
  4. strict
    她把丈夫的收入管得很緊。 [MSC, trad.]
    她把丈夫的收入管得很紧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bǎ zhàngfū de shōurù guǎn de hěn jǐn. [Pinyin]
    She strictly controls expenditure of her husband's income.
  5. pressing, urgent
  6. short of money; hard up
    最近手頭很緊。 / 最近手头很紧。  ―  Zuìjìn shǒutóu hěn jǐn.  ―  I'm short of money recently.
  7. violent, heavy
    雨下得緊。 / 雨下得紧。  ―  Yǔ xià de jǐn.  ―  It's raining quite heavily.
  8. critical, important
  9. †(Min Nan) quick, rapid; quickly
    不緊不慢 / 不紧不慢  ―  bùjǐnbùmàn  ―  not rushed and not slow; taking one's time
    伊走了真緊。 / 伊走了真紧。 [Min Nan]  ―  I cháu liáu chin kín. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He runs really fast.
  10. (Cantonese) Grammatical particle used to express progressive aspect (an ongoing activity) which may undergo a change of state. Similar to the -ing form in English.
    我讀緊書。 / 我读紧书。 [Cantonese]  ―  Ngo5 duk6gan2 syu1. [Jyutping]  ―  I am attending school.
    佢著緊衫。 / 佢着紧衫。 [Cantonese]  ―  Keoi5 zoek3gan2 saam1. [Jyutping]  ―  He/she is putting clothes on.

See also

  • (particle used to express progressive aspect): (Mandarin) 正在 (zhèngzài)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

緊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

緊 • ‎(gin) (hangeul 긴, revised gin, McCune-Reischauer kin, Yale kin)

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Vietnamese

Han character

緊 (khẩn, lẳm)

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References

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