English

Suffix

-i

1. used to indicate a plural form of some words of Latin or Italian origin, such as fungi, virtuosi or concerti

References

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix¹".

Etymology 2

From the Arabic nisba suffix ـِيّ ‎(-iyy). In English productive from the 19th century.

Suffix

-i

1. Used to form adjectives and nouns describing people of a particular city, region, or country, and the language spoken by these people.

   Iraq → Iraqi, Israel → Israeli, Pakistan → Pakistani, Bengal → Bengali, Nepal → Nepali, Desh → Desi, Hyderabad → Hyderabadi

See also

• -stan

References

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix²".

Chuukese

Suffix

-i

1. added to intransitive verbs to make them transitive
2. (added to transitive verbs) him, her, it (third person singular indirect object)

Usage notes

• In Chuukese, transitive verbs in their base form already have the third person singular indirect object implied on them, although the suffix -i can be added for emphasis.

Esperanto

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Latin deponent verbs such as loqui "to speak".

Suffix

-i

1. (verbal inflection marking the infinitive)

Etymology 2

Common to English e (pronounced [i]) in me, she, he, we and the Italian accusative pronouns mi, ti, vi, li, si.

Suffix

-i

1. common vowel of personal pronouns: mi, ni, ci, vi, li, ŝi, ĝi, oni, ili, si.

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-in.

Suffix

-i ‎(genitive -me, partitive -it)

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating instruments (tools) are used to perform that verb's action.

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology 1

From fusion of Proto-Uralic *-j with a stem vowel. Originally allomorphic with -o.

Suffix

-i

1. A nominal suffix used in eg. syle- ‎(“fathom”) → syli ‎(“bosom”), ukko ‎(“man”) → ukki ‎(“grandfather”).
2. (archaic) Used to mark the first part of a compound word, e.g. lehmä ‎(“cow”) → lehmi-.

See also

• -kki
• -ri

Etymology 2

Suffix

-i

1. Derives a number of adverbs of generally lative or locative meaning, e.g. aukea- ‎(“to open”) → auki ‎(“open”), ylä- ‎(“upper, high”) → yli ‎(“over”).

See also

• -lti
• -sti
• -ti

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Suffix

-i

1. suffix sometimes used to create a diminutive form, as in Hans → Hansi
2. suffix sometimes used to create a short form, as in Schiedsrichter → Schiri, Spastiker → Spasti

Derived terms

• Fundi
• Pulli

See also

• -lein, -chen, -erl

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Etymology 1

Adjective suffix.

Suffix

-i

1. (adjective suffix) Added to a proper noun or a noun to form an adjective.

   Amerika ‎(“America”) → amerikai ‎(“American”)

   város ‎(“city”) → városi ‎(“urban”)

   Freud ‎(“Freud”) → freudi ‎(“Freudian”)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Possessive plural.

Suffix

-i

1. (possessive suffix) his/her/its ...-s (third-person singular, multiple possessions)

   kapu ‎(“gate”) → a kapui ‎(“his/her/its gates”)

   palota ‎(“palace”) → a palotái ‎(“his/her/its palaces”)

   érme ‎(“coin”) → az érméi ‎(“his/her/its coins”)

2. (possessive suffix) your ... -s (second-person singular and plural formal, multiple possessions)

   a maga kapui, az ön kapui - your (singular, formal) gates

   a maguk kapui, az önök kapui - your (plural, formal) gates

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -i is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -ai is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ei is added to some front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -jai is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

  -jei is added to some front vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

Etymology 3

Personal suffix.

Suffix

-i

1. (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, definite conjugation).

   kér ‎(“to request”) → kéri ‎(“he/she asks something, he/she is asking something”)

Usage notes

• (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.

Etymology 4

Diminutive suffix.

Suffix

-i

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to nouns, mostly used by the younger generation or in informal conversations.

   fagylalt → fagyi ‎(“ice cream”)

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

Borrowing from Italian -i, Russian -и ‎(-i).

Suffix

-i

1. -s (Marks the plural form of nouns, by replacing the -o ending.)

   libro ‎(“book”) + ‎-i → ‎libri ‎(“books”)

Italian

Suffix

-i

1. Used with a stem to form the second-person singular present of regular -are, -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isc"
2. Used with a stem to form the second-person imperative of -ere verbs
3. Used with a stem to form the first-, second- and third-person singular present subjunctive of -are verbs
4. Used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperative of -are verbs

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /iː/

Suffix

-ī

1. nominative masculine plural of -us
2. genitive masculine singular of -us
3. genitive neuter singular of -us
4. vocative masculine plural of -us
5. Used for the first person present perfect active singular indicative form of any regular verb.

Noun

-ī

1. dative singular of -ēs
2. ablative singular of -ēs

Lepontic

Suffix

-i

1. Romanization of -𐌉

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• -y (after “hard” consonants)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-jь.

Suffix

-i

1. suffix creating an adjective from a noun, denoting ‘of or pertaining to’

Derived terms

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Rhymes: -i

Suffix

-i

1. locative, repetitive, or exhaustive.

   Sayangi Kuala Lumpur.

   Love Kuala Lumpur.

   Renangi kolam itu.

   Swim that pool.

Norman

Etymology

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-i

1. (Jersey) A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Derived terms

Northern Sami

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *-jē. Cognate with Finnish -ja.

Suffix

-i ‎(with odd-syllable stems -eaddji)

1. Forms agent nouns form verbs.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

When attached to verbs in -ut, the suffix becomes -u.

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Samic *-ŋë. Cognate with Finnish -va.

Suffix

-i

1. Forms adjectives indicating an abundance of something.

   geađgi ‎(“stone”) + ‎-i → ‎geađgái ‎(“stony”)

   vuodja ‎(“fat”) + ‎-i → ‎vuddjii ‎(“rich in fat”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Phonologically, the suffix is actually the consonant j, and so it forms a diphthong with the final vowel of the base word's stem rather than replacing that vowel. Thus, the resulting word is essentially identical to the illative singular form. The noun declines as a contracted stem, with the inflectional stem lacking the -i.

Derived terms

Etymology 1

Suffix

-i

1. The ending of the illative singular case.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

When possessive suffixes are attached, the suffix changes to the form -s- (for even-syllable stems) or -sa- (for odd-syllable stems).

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-į̄.

Suffix

-ī

1. productive suffix used to form abstract nouns from adjectives

   menigī, managī ‎(“crowd, amount”) from manag ‎(“many”)

   tiufī ‎(“depth”) from tiuf ‎(“deep”)

   finstrī, finstarī ‎(“darkness”) from finstar ‎(“dark”)

   hōhī ‎(“height”) from hōh ‎(“high”)

   lengī ‎(“length”) from lang ‎(“long”)

   breitī ‎(“breadth”) from breit ‎(“broad”)

Declension

Female n-declension

Descendants

• Middle High German: -e
  • German: -e

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *-īniz. Cognate to Gothic -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 ‎(-eins).

Suffix

-ī

1. non-productive suffix used to form action nouns from weak verbs

   toufī ‎(“baptism”) from toufen ‎(“to baptise”)

   welī ‎(“choice”) from wellen ‎(“to choose”)

Declension

Female n-declension

Usage notes

In Old High German, this suffix is neither frequent nor productive. Many weak verbs have action nouns with -unga instead.

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Suffix

-i ‎(suffixed pronoun)

1. him
2. it (object pronoun)

Usage notes

This suffix is used only after 3rd person singular forms. After 1st person singular forms in -(e)a, 1st person plural forms in -mi, and 3rd person plural forms in -(a)it, the suffix -it is sometimes used.

See also

Derived terms

Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin -ī ‎(“second-declension ending”)

Suffix

-i

1. (plural) -s

Usage notes

• This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for masculine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases, regardless of singular form. The suffix may cause phonetic changes or vowel deletion (or both):
• lupi, from lup
• tați, from tată
• fii, from fiu
• frăți, from frate

Etymology 2

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Suffix

-i m

1. (definite article) the (masculine plural, nominative and accusative)

Usage notes

This form of the definite article is used for masculine plural nouns in the nominative and accusative cases (as attached to the indefinite plural, which always ends in a vowel):

• lupii, from lupi
• tații, from tați
• fiii, from fii
• frății, from frăți
• copiii, from copii

The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular plural adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies.

Related terms

Etymology 3

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish and French -ir, Italian -ire, etc.

Suffix

-i

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Usage notes

• Most verbs with infinitives in -i are marked by the once-inchoative infix -esc- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are a vorbi ‎(“to say”) and a iubi ‎(“to love”).
• A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -i but do not use the infix -esc-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verb a dormi ‎(“sleep”), a simți ‎(“feel”), a auzi ‎(“hear”).
• There is a variant form, -î, derived from the same Latin source.

See also

• -ea
• -î
• -e
• -a

Swedish

Suffix

-i

1. -y; when added to one noun, creates a new one that indicates the use or activity of the first. See also -eri.

Derived terms

Turkish

Suffix

-i

1. Third-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession.

   ev ‎(“house”) + ‎-i → ‎evi ‎(“his/her/its house”)

   ofis ‎(“office”) + ‎-i → ‎ofisi ‎(“his/her/its office”)

2. Accusative suffix.

   gelin + ‎-i → ‎gelini

Usage notes

• It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into "-ı", "-u" and "-ü" according to the last vowel of the word. (possession suffix)

  kız + ‎-i → ‎kızı (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

  yol + ‎-i → ‎yolu (the last vowel is "o" or "u")

  yüz + ‎-i → ‎yüzü (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

• If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".

  sebep + ‎-i → ‎sebebi

  çekiç + ‎-i → ‎çekici

  senet + ‎-i → ‎senedi

  çiçek + ‎-i → ‎çiçeği

• If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "y" for the accusative case suffix and "s" for the possessive suffix

  kedi + ‎-i → ‎kediyi

  kedi + ‎-i → ‎kedisi

• It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.

  Zafer + ‎-i → ‎Zafer'i

  Ali + ‎-i → ‎Ali'yi / Ali'si

Uzbek

Suffix

-i

1. Third-person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a consonant. It has the same meaning as uning ‎(“its”) placed before a noun.
   • Bu kitobi.

     "This is its book."

Veps

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ja.

Suffix

-i

1. -er; forms agent nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

When attached to a verb with a stem in -e-, this becomes -ii.

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Adjectival/participal use of the agent noun suffix above.

Suffix

-i

1. -ing; forms the present active participle of verbs.

Usage notes

When attached to a verb with a stem in -e-, this becomes -ii.

Inflection

Derived terms

Volapük

Suffix

-i

1. A morpheme used to mark the accusative singular of a word (such as a noun or pronoun).

   Dog beiton mani. / Mani beiton dog.

   The dog bites the man.

   Mot löfof omi. / Omi löfof mot. (a.s., hicili, soni, u higaaporn)

   The mother loves him. (e.g., the (male) child, son, or (male) lovebird)

Welsh

Etymology 1

Cognate with Irish -í.

Suffix

-i

1. Pluralisation suffix

   toiled ‎(“toilet”) → toiledi ‎(“toilets”)

Synonyms

• -au
• -ion
• -od
• -oedd

Etymology 2

From Old Welsh -im, from Proto-Brythonic *-iμ.

Suffix

-i

1. Forms verbal nouns.

See also

• -o
• -u

Derived terms