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Definition 2024

壬

壬

See also: 千

Translingual

Han character

壬 (radical 33 士+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹土 (HG), four-corner 20104, composition ⿱丿士)

  1. the ninth of the ten heavenly stems

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 243, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5639
  • Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 417, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+58EC

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 壬

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 壬
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (壬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紝 *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
鵀 *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
拰 *nɯmʔ
賃 *nɯms
任 *njɯm, *njɯms
壬 *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm
恁 *njɯm, *njɯmʔ
銋 *njɯm, *njɯmʔ
荏 *njɯmʔ
餁 *njɯmʔ
栠 *njɯmʔ
袵 *njɯmʔ
飪 *njɯmʔ
妊 *njɯms
衽 *njɯms

Pictogram (象形) : Possibly a carrying pole, a meaning that was later transferred to 任 (rèn).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 壬
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən³⁵/
Harbin /ʐən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʐən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /iə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʐə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /zən³¹/
Guiyang /zen²¹/
Kunming /ʐə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʐən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ȵin¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən¹³/
Xiangtan /in¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋim¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋim¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐm²¹/
Nanning /jɐm²¹/
Hong Kong /jɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lim³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /iŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zim³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zim³¹/
Rime
Character 壬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵim/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiəm/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rén
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 壬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rén
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n[ə]m/
English 9th heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 壬 壬
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1446 10809
Phonetic
component		 呈 壬
Rime
group		 耕 侵
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 珽 任
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ʰeːŋʔ/ /*njɯm/
Notes 下爲土 甲文作工，象機縷，爲紝初文，坙（經）字從之

Definitions

壬

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Compounds

  • 壬人
  • 壬公
  • 壬林
  • 小六壬

References

Japanese

Kanji

壬

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

壬 • ‎(im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune-Reischauer im)

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Vietnamese

Han character

壬 (nhăm, nhám, nhằm, nhâm, râm, nhẹm)

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