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Definition 2025

姓

姓

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese stroke order

Han character

姓 (radical 38 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女竹手一 (VHQM), four-corner 45410, composition ⿰女生)

References

  • KangXi: page 259, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6178
  • Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1037, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+59D3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 姓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleŋs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 生 ‎(OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology

Specialised form of 性 (xìng): “human nature; what is inborn” > “surname; clan name”.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 姓
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息正切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /siajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /siɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xìng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 姓
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xìng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sjengH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*seŋ-s/
English surname

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 姓
Reading # 1/1
No. 11359
Phonetic
component		 生
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 性
Old
Chinese		 /*sleŋs/

Definitions

姓

  1. surname; family name; clan name
    Antonyms: 名 (míng)
    你的姓怎麼拼寫？ / 你的姓怎么拼写？  ―  Nǐ de xìng zěnme pīnxiě?  ―  How do you spell your last name?
  2. to have the surname of
    您貴姓？ / 您贵姓？  ―  Nín guìxìng?  ―  What is your surname? [formal]
    我姓陳。 / 我姓陈。  ―  Wǒ xìng Chén.  ―  My surname is Chen.
  3. A surname​.

Compounds

  • 一姓
  • 二姓
  • 他姓
  • 內姓／内姓
  • 兩姓之好／两姓之好
  • 冒姓 (màoxìng)
  • 出姓
  • 千家姓
  • 右姓
  • 同姓
  • 四姓
  • 國姓／国姓
  • 國姓爺／国姓爷 (Guóxìngyé)
  • 國姓鄉／国姓乡
  • 外姓
  • 大姓
  • 姓名 (xìngmíng)
  • 姓名條例／姓名条例
  • 姓名權／姓名权
  • 姓族
  • 姓氏 (xìngshì)
  • 姓系
  • 子姓
  • 宗姓
  • 客姓
  • 尊姓大名
  • 平章百姓
  • 平等百姓
  • 平頭百姓／平头百姓
  • 庶姓
  • 復姓／复姓
  • 指名道姓
  • 揚名顯姓／扬名显姓
  • 改名換姓／改名换姓
  • 改名易姓
  • 改姓更名
  • 族姓
  • 易姓
  • 更名改姓
  • 更姓
  • 有名有姓
  • 本姓
  • 漢姓／汉姓
  • 異姓／异姓 (yìxìng)
  • 百姓 (bǎixìng)
  • 百姓之心
  • 百家姓
  • 種姓／种姓
  • 緣姓／缘姓
  • 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
  • 萬姓／万姓
  • 萬姓統譜／万姓统谱
  • 複姓／复姓 (fùxìng)
  • 覆姓 (fùxìng)
  • 變名易姓／变名易姓
  • 貴姓／贵姓 (guìxìng)
  • 賜姓／赐姓
  • 隱姓埋名／隐姓埋名
  • 頂名冒姓／顶名冒姓
  • 顯姓揚名／显姓扬名
  • 風姓／风姓
  • 高姓

Japanese

Kanji

姓

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. surname

Readings

Korean

Hanja

姓 • ‎(seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune-Reischauer sŏng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

姓 (tính)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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