Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

風 (radical 182 風+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹中戈 (HNHLI) or 竹弓一中戈 (HNMLI), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵𠘨䖝)

1. Kangxi radical #182, ⾵ ‎(“wind”).

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/風
• 楓, 諷, 葻, 颿, 瘋

References

• KangXi: page 1411, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43756
• Dae Jaweon: page 1930, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4480, character 1
• Unihan data for U+98A8

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 風
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *plum, *plums) : phonetic 凡 ‎(OC *bom) + semantic 虫 ‎(“insects”). Ancient Chinese thought insects appear with wind. (Insects refer to any kind of animal, such as tigers (大蟲)). The stroke inside the enclosure has merged with the 虫, so compound is graphically 几 + 䖝; compare similar development in 鳳 (from 鳥).

Etymology

Unknown. Pronunciations 1 and 2 are cognate, and pronunciation 3 appears to be cognate as well. The Old Chinese form for "wind" was *prəm, which is thought to be related to Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ ‎(“wind”), Korean 바람 ‎(baram, “wind”) and Tibetan རླུང ‎(rlung, “wind”). This word has a wide range of extended meanings, and interestingly many of these have exact parallels in the Korean cognate. Compare Chinese 風流, 風騷 - Korean 바람둥이 ‎(baramdung-i).

Cognate with:

• 飛廉 (“wind god”)
• 蜚蠊 (“cockroach”) (note the preservation of the -r- infix in Old Chinese through disyllabification, also 嵐 (OC *b·ruːm), 葻 (OC *b·uːm))
• 瘋 (OC *plum, “mad, insane”)
• 諷 (OC *plums, “to mock, to advise”)
• 帆 (OC *bom, *boms, “sail”)

The development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese was irregular, driven by dissimilation of the initial and coda bilabial consonants.

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

風

1. wind
   • 風雨 / 风雨  ―  fēngyǔ  ―  wind and rain; hardships
   • 狂風 / 狂风  ―  kuángfēng  ―  gale
   • 風水 / 风水  ―  fēngshuǐ  ―  feng shui
   • 蘀兮蘀兮，風其吹女。叔兮伯兮，倡予和女。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     蘀兮蘀兮，风其吹女。叔兮伯兮，倡予和女。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE

     蘀 xī 蘀 xī, fēng qí chuī nǚ. Shū xī bó xī, chàng yǔ hé nǚ. [Pinyin]

     Ye withered leaves! Ye withered leaves! How the wind is blowing you away! O ye uncles, Give us the first note, and we will join in with you.

   • 寢不尸，居不容。見齊衰者，雖狎，必變。見冕者與瞽者，雖褻，必以貌。凶服者式之。式負版者。有盛饌，必變色而作。迅雷風烈，必變。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     寝不尸，居不容。见齐衰者，虽狎，必变。见冕者与瞽者，虽亵，必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者。有盛馔，必变色而作。迅雷风烈，必变。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE

     Qǐn bù shī, jū bù róng. Jiàn qí shuāi zhě, suī xiá, bì biàn. Jiàn miǎn zhě yǔ gǔ zhě, suī xiè, bì yǐ mào. Xiōng fú zhě shì zhī. Shì fù bǎn zhě. Yǒu shèngzhuàn, bì biàn sè ér zuò. Xùnléi fēngliè, bì biàn. [Pinyin]

     In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment. When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute him in a ceremonious manner. To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population. When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up. On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.

2. ^†air; atmosphere
3. ^†general mood; custom
   • 風俗 / 风俗  ―  fēngsú  ―  customs
   • 風氣 / 风气  ―  fēngqì  ―  common practice; atmosphere
   • 王曰：「嗚呼！說，四海之內，咸仰朕德，時乃風。股肱惟人，良臣惟聖。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王曰：“呜呼！说，四海之内，咸仰朕德，时乃风。股肱惟人，良臣惟圣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
     From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCE

     Wáng yuē: "wūhū! Shuō, sìhǎi zhī nèi, xián yǎng zhèn dé, shí nǎi fēng. Gǔgōng wéi rén, liáng chén wéi shèng." [Pinyin]

     The king said, "Oh! Yue, that all within the four seas look up to my virtue is owing to you. As his legs and arms form the man, so does a good minister form the sage (king)."

4. ^†demeanour
   • 風範 / 风范  ―  fēngfàn  ―  manner
   • 風度 / 风度  ―  fēngdù  ―  elegance
5. ^†cultivation; moralisation
   • 風教 / 风教  ―  fēngjiào  ―  cultivation
6. style; manner
   • 風格 / 风格  ―  fēnggé  ―  style
   • 文風 / 文风  ―  wénfēng  ―  writing style
7. ^†conduct; discipline
   • 風惠 / 风惠  ―  fēnghuì  ―  favour
   • 風紀 / 风纪  ―  fēngjì  ―  standard of behaviour
8. ^†power
   • 風掃 / 风扫  ―  fēngsǎo  ―  to sweep
9. ^†news; information
   • 風聲 / 风声  ―  fēngshēng  ―  news
   • 風訊 / 风讯  ―  fēngxùn  ―  news
   • 聞風而動 / 闻风而动  ―  wénfēngérdòng  ―  to act at once on hearing the news
10. ^†love; affection; to become sexually attracted; to copulate
    • 風月 / 风月  ―  fēngyuè  ―  romance
    • 風情 / 风情  ―  fēngqíng  ―  amorous feelings
    • 風馬牛不相及 / 风马牛不相及  ―  fēngmǎniúbùxiàngjí  ―  irrelevant
    • 馬牛其風，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐，祗復之，我商賚汝。乃越逐不復，汝則有常刑！無敢寇攘，逾垣牆，竊馬牛，誘臣妾，汝則有常刑！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      马牛其风，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐，祗复之，我商赉汝。乃越逐不复，汝则有常刑！无敢寇攘，逾垣墙，窃马牛，诱臣妾，汝则有常刑！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCE

      Mǎ niú qí fēng, chénqiè būtáo, wù gǎn yuè zhú, zhī fù zhī, wǒ shāng lài rǔ. Nǎi yuè zhú bù fù, rǔ zé yǒu chángxíng! Wúgǎn kòurǎng, yú yuánqiáng, qiè mǎ niú, yòu chénqiè, rǔ zé yǒu chángxíng! [Pinyin]

      When the horses or cattle are seeking one another, or when your followers, male or female, abscond, presume not to leave the ranks to pursue them. But let them be carefully returned. I will reward you (among the people) who return them according to their value. But if you leave your places to pursue them, or if you who find them do not restore them, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments. And let none of you presume to commit any robbery or detain any creature that comes in your way, to jump over enclosures and walls to steal (people's) horses or oxen, or to decoy away their servants or female attendants. If you do so, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments.

11. ^†dissolute; promiscuous
    • 風流 / 风流  ―  fēngliú  ―  dissolute
    • 風騷 / 风骚  ―  fēngsāo  ―  flirtatious behaviour
12. ^†ungrounded; baseless
    • 風言 / 风言  ―  fēngyán  ―  rumour
    • 風謠 / 风谣  ―  fēngyáo  ―  ballad song
13. ^†Alternative form of 瘋／疯 (fēng, “mad; insane”).
    • 風發 / 风发  ―  fēngfā  ―  spirited
    • 風病 / 风病  ―  fēngbìng  ―  psychiatric illness
14. ^†(TCM) One of the causes of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.
    • 中風 / 中风  ―  zhōngfēng  ―  stroke
    • 風寒 / 风寒  ―  fēnghán  ―  wind chill
    • 風濕 / 风湿  ―  fēngshī  ―  rheumatic
    • 痛風 / 痛风  ―  tòngfēng  ―  gout
15. ^†epilepsy
    • 風癡 / 风痴  ―  fēngchī  ―  insanity
    • 風眩 / 风眩  ―  fēngxuàn  ―  epilepsy
16. A surname​. Feng; Fung

Compounds

Descendants

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

風

1. ^† to blow; to fan
2. ^† to influence; to reform a misguided person through persuasion
   • 風民 / 风民  ―  fēngmín  ―  to cultivate the masses

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

風

1. ^†Alternative form of 諷／讽 (fěng, “to mock; to ridicule; to satire”).
2. ^†Alternative form of 諷／讽 (fěng, “to advise in mild tone”).
   • 風勸 / 风劝  ―  fēngquàn  ―  to advise
   • 風諭 / 风谕  ―  fēngyù  ―  to advise in mild tone

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: ふう (fū), ふ (fu)
• Kan’on: ほう (hō)
• Kun: かぜ (kaze), かざ (kaza)
• Nanori: か (ka)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) かぜ [kàzé] (Heiban - [0])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ze̞]

Noun

風 ‎(hiragana かぜ, romaji kaze)

1. a movement of air; a wind
2. airs
3. style

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 風 ‎(pjuwng, “wind”).

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) ふ​う [fúꜜù] (Atamadaka - [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯᵝː]

Noun

風 ‎(hiragana ふう, romaji fū)

1. style

Etymology 3

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 振る ‎(furu, “to swing”).

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) ふり [fùrí] (Heiban - [0])^[1][2]
• (Tokyo) ふり​ [fùríꜜ] (Odaka - [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯᵝɾi]

Alternative forms

• 振り

Noun

風 ‎(hiragana ふり, romaji furi)

1. swing

References

1. 1 2 3 4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
2. 1 2 3 4 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

風 • ‎(pung)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 풍 (revised: pung, McCune-Reischauer: p'ung, Yale: phung)

• Name (hangeul): 바람()

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

風 (phong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.