Definify.com
Webster 1913 Edition
Be
Be
Webster 1828 Edition
Be
BE
,BE
, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck,is the same word as by. It is common to the English, Saxon, Gothic, German, Dutch, Danish and Swedish languages. It occurs probably in the Russian, but is written po, as it is in possideo and a few other words in the Latin. It denotes nearness, closeness, about, or, at, from some root signifying to pass or to press. [See By.]Definition 2024
Be
be
be
English
Verb
be (highly irregular)
- (intransitive, now literary) To exist; to have real existence.
- 1526, Bible, tr. William Tyndale, Matthew 2:
- Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren, and wolde nott be comforted because they were not.
- c. 1600, William Shakespeare, Hamlet:
- To be, or not to be, that is the Question […].
- 1603, John Florio, translating Michel de Montaigne, Essayes, London: Edward Blount, OCLC 946730821, II.12:
- it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.
- 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2:
- There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.
- 2004, Richard Schickel, "Not Just an African Story", Time, 13 December:
- The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda "made me a different man."
- 1526, Bible, tr. William Tyndale, Matthew 2:
- With there as dummy subject: to exist.
- 1598, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice:
- Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i'th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.
- 1817, Jane Austen, Persuasion:
- "There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had."
- 2011, Mark Sweney, The Guardian, 6 July:
- "There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test," said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.
- 1598, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice:
- (intransitive) To occupy a place.
- The cup is on the table.
- (intransitive) To occur, to take place.
- When will the meeting be?
- (intransitive, without predicate) elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar.
- The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.
- I have been to Spain many times.
- (transitive, copulative) Used to name the age of a subject.
- I'm 20.
- (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject and object are the same.
- Knowledge is bliss.
- (transitive, copulative, mathematics) Used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same.
- 3 times 5 is fifteen.
- (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal.
- François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.
- (transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it.
- The sky is blue.
- (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
- The sky is a deep blue today.
- (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the passive voice.
- The dog was drowned by the boy.
- (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses.
- The woman is walking.
- I shall be writing to you soon.
- We liked to chat while we were eating.
- (archaic) Used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs, most of which indicate motion. Often still used for "to go"
- 1606, Macbeth by William Shakespeare:
- They are not yet come back. (instead of the modern They have not yet come back.)
- 1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68
- ‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.
- Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881):
- He is not here; for he is risen […].
- 1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13:
- The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;
- 1606, Macbeth by William Shakespeare:
- (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form future tenses, especially the future periphrastic.
- I am to leave tomorrow.
- I would drive you, were I to obtain a car.
- Used to link a subject to a count or measurement.
- This building is three hundred years old.
- It is almost eight.
- I am 75 kilograms.
- (With since) used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event.
- It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to My grandmother died three years ago, but emphasizes the intervening period)
- It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.
- (often impersonal) Used to indicate weather, air quality, or the like.
- It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.
- Why is it so dark in here?
- (African American Vernacular, Caribbean, auxiliary, not conjugated) tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect.
- 1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor
- Women be shoppin'! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin'!
- 1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor
Quotations
- For usage examples of this term, see Citations:be.
Conjugation
*Some non-standard dialects use were in these instances. |
*Some non-standard dialects will have were in these instances. |
- The verb be is the most irregular non-defective verb in Standard English. Unlike other verbs, which distinguish at most five forms (as in do–does–doing–did–done), be distinguishes eight:
- Be itself is the plain form, used as the infinitive, as the imperative, and as the present subjunctive.
- I want to be a father someday. (infinitive)
- If that be true... (present subjunctive)
- Allow the truth to be heard! (infinitive)
- Please be here by eight o'clock. (imperative)
- The librarian asked that the rare books not be touched. (present subjunctive)
- Be is also used as the present tense indicative form in the alternate, dynamic / lexical conjugation of be:
- What do we do? We be ourselves. (first-person plural present indicative, lexical be)
- but: Who are we? We are human beings. (first-person plural present indicative, copula be)
- It is also an archaic alternative form of the indicative, especially in the plural:
- The powers that be, are ordained of God. (Romans 13:1, Tyndale Bible, 1526)
- We are true men; we are no spies: We be twelve brethren... (Genesis 42:31-2, King James Version, 1611)
- I think it be thine indeed, for thou liest in it. (Hamlet, Act V, Scene 1, circa 1600)
- Am, are, and is are the forms of the present indicative. Am is the first-person singular (used with I); is is the third-person singular (used with he, she, it and other subjects that would be used with does rather than do); and are is both the second-person singular and the plural (used with we, you, they, and any other plural subjects).
- Am I in the right place? (first-person singular present indicative)
- You are even taller than your brother! (second-person singular present indicative)
- Where is the library? (third-person singular present indicative)
- These are the biggest shoes we have. (plural present indicative)
- Was and were are the forms of the past indicative and past subjunctive (like did). In the past indicative, was is the first– and third-person singular (used with I, as well as with he, she, it and other subjects that would be used with does rather than do), and were is both the second-person singular and the plural (used with we, you, they, and any other plural subjects). In the traditional past subjunctive, were is used with all subjects, though many speakers do not actually distinguish the past subjunctive from the past indicative, and therefore use was with first– and third-person singular subjects even in cases where other speakers would use were.
- I was out of town. (first-person singular past indicative)
- You were the first person here. (second-person singular past indicative)
- The room was dirty. (third-person singular past indicative)
- We were angry at each other. (plural past indicative)
- I wish I were more sure. (first-person singular past subjunctive; was is also possible, though considered less correct)
- If she were here, she would know what to do. (third-person singular past subjunctive; was is also possible, though considered less correct)
- Being is the gerund and present participle, used in noun-like constructions, in the progressive aspect, and after various verbs (like doing). (It's also used as an actual noun; for those senses, see the entry for being itself.)
- I don't like being here. (gerund)
- All of a sudden, he's being nice to everyone. (present participle in the progressive aspect)
- It won't stop being a problem until someone does something about it. (present participle in the progressive aspect)
- Been is the past participle, used in the perfect aspect. In Middle English, it was also the infinitive.
- It's been that way for a week and a half.
- Be itself is the plain form, used as the infinitive, as the imperative, and as the present subjunctive.
- In archaic or obsolete forms of English, with the pronoun thou, the verb be has a few additional forms:
- When the pronoun thou was in regular use, the forms art, wast, and wert were the corresponding present indicative, past indicative, and past subjunctive, respectively.
- As thou became less common and more highly marked, a special present-subjunctive form beest developed (replacing the regular present subjunctive form be, still used with all other subjects). Additionally, the form wert, previously a past subjunctive form, came to be used as a past indicative as well.
- The forms am, is, and are can contract with preceding subjects: I’m (“I am”), ’s (“is”), ’re (“are”). The form are most commonly contracts with personal pronouns (we’re (“we are”), you’re (“you are”), they’re (“they are”)), but contractions with other subjects is possible; the form is contracts quite freely with a variety of subjects. These contracted forms, however, are possible only when there is an explicit, non-preposed complement, and they cannot be stressed; therefore, contraction does not occur in sentences such as the following:
- Who's here? —I am.
- I wonder what it is.
- I don't want to be involved. —But you are involved, regardless.
- Several of the finite forms of be have special negative forms, containing the suffix -n’t, that can be used instead of adding the adverb not. Specifically, the forms is, are, was, and were have the negative forms isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, and weren’t. The form be itself does not, even in finite uses, with “not be” being used in the present subjunctive and “do not be” or “don’t be” (or, in dated use, “be not”) being used in the imperative. The form am has the negative forms aren’t, amn’t, and arguably ain’t, but all of these are in restricted use; see their entries for details.
- Outside of Standard English, there is some variation in usage of some forms; some dialects, for example, use is or ’s throughout the present indicative (supplanting, in whole or in part, am and are), and/or was throughout the past indicative and past subjunctive (supplanting were).
Usage notes
When used copulatively with a pronoun, traditional grammar puts the pronoun in the subjective case (I, he, she, we, they) rather than the objective case (me, him, her, us, them), regardless of which side of the copula it is placed. For example, "I was the masked man" and "The masked man was I" would both be considered correct, while "The masked man was me" and "Me was the masked man" would both be incorrect. However, most colloquial speech treats the verb be as transitive, in which case the pronoun is used in the objective case if it occurs after the copula: "I was the masked man" but "The masked man was me". This paradigm applies even if the copula is linking two pronouns - "I am her" but "She is me" (versus the traditional "I am she" and "She is I") and "Am I me?" (versus the traditional "Am I I?").
Synonyms
- (used to form passive): get
Translations
Note: This verb has many irregularities in both form and usage in many languages. Use translations with caution.
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References
- “be” in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.
- “be” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, v1.0.1, Lexico Publishing Group, 2006.
- "be" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.
Statistics
Anagrams
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *baidā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeidʰ- 'persuade' (compare Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō)).
Noun
be f (indefinite plural be, definite singular beja, definite plural betë)
Derived terms
Catalan
Etymology 1
Noun
be f (plural bes)
Derived terms
- be alta
Usage notes
In some dialects of Catalan, the sounds associated with the letter b and the letter v are the same: [β]. In order to differentiate be and ve in those dialects, the letters are often called be alta (“high B”) and ve baixa (“low V”).
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic from the sound of a lamb.
Noun
be m (plural bens)
- sheep, ram, ewe, lamb; an individual of the species Ovis aries.
Dorasque
Noun
be
- (Changuena, Chumulu, Gualaca) night
References
- Alphonse Louis Pinart, Vocabulario Castellano-dorasque, Dialectos Chumulu, Gualaca Y Changuina (1890)
Faroese
Noun
be n (genitive singular bes, plural be)
Declension
n4 | Singular | Plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | be | beið | be | beini |
Accusative | be | beið | be | beini |
Dative | be(i) | benum | beum | beunum |
Genitive | bes | besins | bea | beanna |
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a/fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i/fyrra i, í/fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø (Category: fo:Latin letter names)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɛ]
Adverb
be
Derived terms
See also
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /be/, /bɛ/
Noun
be (plural be-i)
See also
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Karajá
Noun
be
References
- David Lee Fortune, Gramática Karajá: um Estudo Preliminar em Forma Transformacional
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /beː/
Noun
bē (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter B.
Coordinate terms
- (Latin’s names for the letters of its own alphabet): ā (A), bē (B), cē (C), dē (D), ē (E), ef (F), gē (G), hā (H), ī (I), kā (K), el (L), em (M), en (N), ō (O), pē (P), kū (Q), er (R), es (S), tē (T), ū (V), ix / īx / ex (X), ȳ/ī graeca/ypsilon (Y), zēta (Z)
References
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Lojban
Cmavo
be
- Connects the following sumti to the previous sumti as an internal sumti (subordinate (relative) clause); by default as the x2argument.
- le klama be la paris.
- the one (who is) going to Paris
- le klama be fo la paris.
- the one (who is) travelling via Paris
- tumxra be la mexikos. zei tcadu
- Map of(i.e., which depicts) Mexico City.
- ti zbasu be lo takybli bei lo kliti
- This makes bricks out of clay.
- ti zbasu lo takybli lo kliti
- This makes bricks out of clay.
- le klama be la paris.
Usage notes
- The cmavo be'o can be used to indicate the termination of the internal sumti, but is only required if the parsing of the sentence would otherwise be ambiguous.
Derived terms
Related terms
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Verb
be (imperative be, present tense ber, passive bes, simple past ba or bad, past participle bedt, present participle beende)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Verb
be (present tense ber or bed or beder, past tense bad, past participle bede or bedi or bedd or bedt, present participle bedande, imperative be)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
References
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- (2nd sg. pres. subj.): ba
Verb
be
- second-person singular present subjunctive of is
- first-person singular future of is
- second-person singular future of is
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɛ/
Noun
be n (indeclinable)
Adjective
be (indeclinable, comparative bardziej be, superlative najbardziej be)
Interjection
be
- (onomatopoeia) A sound of a sheep
Scots
Etymology
Verb
tae be
- To be.
Conjugation
infinitive | tae be | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | bein | |||||||||||||||||
past participle | been | |||||||||||||||||
person | singular | plural | ||||||||||||||||
A | thoo1 | he/she/it | we | ye | they | |||||||||||||
regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | |
present | am | amna | art | artna | is | isna | are | arena | are | arena | are | arena | ||||||
past | wis | wis, wir2 | ||||||||||||||||
1Archaic. | ||||||||||||||||||
2Used only with plural pronouns. |
infinitive | tae be | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | bein | |||||||||||||||||
past participle | been | |||||||||||||||||
person | singular | plural | ||||||||||||||||
A | ee | hei/shi/it | oo | yow yins | they | |||||||||||||
regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | regular | emphatic | negative | |
present | im | em, um | imni | ir | er, ur | irni | is | es | isni | ir | er, ur | irni | is | es | isni | ir | er, ur | irni |
past | wuz | wuz, wur | wuz | wur |
Serili
Noun
be
References
Slovene
Etymology
Probably from the German name of the letter B (pronounced [beː]).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbéː/
- Tonal orthography: bẹ̑
Noun
bé m inan (genitive bêja, nominative plural bêji)
Inflection
Synonyms
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /be/
Etymology 1
Noun
be f (plural bes)
Etymology 2
Echoic
Noun
be m (plural bes)
- baa (bleating of a sheep)
Swedish
Etymology
From older bedja, from Old Swedish biþia, from Old Norse biðja, from Proto-Germanic *bidjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-. Cognate with Danish bede, Icelandic biðja, English bid, Dutch bidden, German bitten.
Pronunciation
- Homophone: B
- Rhymes: -eː
Alternative forms
- bedja (dated)
Verb
be
- to ask for, request someone else to do something
- to pray
- to beg, to plead with someone for help or for a favor
Conjugation
Related terms
Tarao
Alternative forms
Noun
be
References
- 2002, Chungkham Yashwanta Singh, Tarao Grammar
Turkish
Etymology 1
Noun
be
Etymology 2
Etymology 3
Noun
be
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ب
See also
- (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze (Category: tr:Latin letter names)
Tzotzil
Pronunciation
- (Zinacantán) IPA(key): /ɓɛ/
Noun
be
References
- Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ˀɓɛ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ˀɓɛ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ˀɓɛ˧˥]
Etymology 1
Noun
be
Etymology 2
Adjective
be
- beige
- chiếc áo mưa màu be — a beige raincoat
Etymology 3
Verb
be
- To build a mud embankment with one's hands.
- To prop up the lip of a sack while topping off the sack, to ensure a more generous quantity.
- lấy tay be miệng đấu khi đong đỗ — to surround the top of a measure with one's hands while measuring beans
- Đong bình thường, không được be đâu đấy. — Measure it out normally; don't prop up the lip of the sack.
Etymology 4
Verb
be
- To hug a boundary or riverbank.
- Thuyền be theo bờ sông.
- The boat hugged the riverbank.
- Thuyền be theo bờ sông.
Etymology 5
Interjection
be (𠻻, 𠾦)
- (onomatopoeia) bleat; baa
Related terms
References
"be" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
West Makian
Noun
be
References
- C. L. Voorhoeve, The Makian Languages and Their Neighbours (1982)